Практический курс английского языка 4 курс Под редакцией В. Д. Аракина издание четвертое, переработанное и дополненное

Unit Six magazine programme — programme which is a mixture of "hard" news and feature items. wild/nature life programme — programme showing animals, birds, etc. in their natural environment quiz programme — programme on which members of the audience are asked questions, in case of correct answer they receive prizes sitcom (situation comedy) — short film providing entertain­ment soap opera — play (an afternoon television regular feature) which originally appeared on the radio and was sponsored by soap advertisers, continuing from day to day, presenting emo­tional and melodramatic situations like many operas of the 19th century (thus named "soap operas") video clip — minifilm, about the length of a song, interpret­ing or dramatising a song Western — uniquely American film presenting myths about pioneering, courageous Americans Major British and American Broadcasting Companies, Networks, News Agencies Great Britain BBC — British Broadcasting Corporation ITV — Independent Television News Ltd. (company responsi­ble for providing national news for independent television in Britain) PA — Press Association (British national dohiestic news agen­cy) Reuter [‘ritә] — British-based agency supplying foreign news EBU — European Broadcasting Union Eurovision — International network for the exchange of televi­sion programmes the USA ABC — American Broadcasting Company CBS — Columbia Broadcasting System NBC — National Broadcasting Company AP — Associated Press (American news agency) INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES Ten-point plan to make a good impression 1. Be pleasant and polite to the receptionist or secretary who greets you. It will get you off to a good start. 2. If you are going through a closed door into an office, knock first and then walk in. 3. Don't sit down until you are offered a chair. 4. Don't smoke or chew. 5. Don't slouch, don't fold your arms or fidget. Sit in a re­laxed upright position. 6. Speak up, don't mutter or mumble. Try to act with mod­est confidence. 7. Don't be flippant. Some candidates give jokey answers to cover up nerves. Be sure you are on the same wavelength as the interviewer before you introduce humour into the discus­sion. 8. Show a genuine interest in the work and the firm you have applied to. 9. Analyse what qualities the interviewer is looking for and try to demonstrate how far you match up. 10. Make sure you know the interviewer's surname, and use it if a natural opportunity occurs. Questions the interviewer may ask you There are a number of questions you are likely to be asked — so think about what you are going to say. It may help to dis­cuss these with a friend before the interview. Probable ques­tions include: Tell me about yourself. Why do you want the job? What is your experience in the field? What makes you think you would be good at the job? What do you do in your spare time? What qualities do you think you have to offer? What is your ultimate career ambition? What kind of books or newspapers do you read? Questions you may want to ask the interviewer During the course of the discussion, the interviewer will probably explain most of the details about the job. But there may be gaps and you may want to ask your own question. Try not to appear too eager; wait until towards the end of the interview. He or she may then ask if there is anything you would like to know — and that's your chance to be offered the job, then you will need all the facts to enable you to make the right decision as to whether or not you will accept There are some of the points you may want to raise: What are the normal hours of work? Are there any unusual hours? Will I be paid overtime? What is the pay? What holidays will I be entitled to? Who will I be directly responsible to? What training will I be given? When may I expect a decision? When would I be expected to start? Whatever you do don't sound as if you are only interested in what you get out of the job. Remember the interviewer is looking for someone who is going to put a lot into the job — ability, industry and enthusiasm. ADDITIONAL EXERCISES1 COMPOSITION SUBJECTS Respond to the following situations either in a short story, using a dialogue and a description, or in an essay form. 1. Describe how illustrations can help a reader to enjoy the book. Refer to two or three books you have read. 2. Imagine that one of your friends is missing from the classes visiting his parents. Give details of his appearance which would enable the teachers to issue a description or build up an identical picture. 3. Recommend a friend (who does not read much) a book which you have recently read. Try to encourage your friend to spend more time reading. 4. Halloween. 5. Discuss the reasons why many people today read books about the Second World War. 6. Write a clear and factual report for the newspaper of an accident that you have witnessed. 7. The persistent disadvantages and advantages of being a woman. 8. The advantages and disadvantages of being an only child. 9. Superstition in our lives today. 10. Write a persuasive letter giving details about the plea­sure of playing a musical instrument. 11. Suppose you were writing an account of your child­hood in such a way as to emphasize your relations with your family. 12. Television and radio plays as a reflection of real life. 13. How have your years at school prepared you for your life after leaving school? 14. Write a letter to the press stating the case for abolish­ing examinations or for handing over students discipline to a committee in which staff and students co-operate on equal terms. Invent suitable names and addresses. __________ 1 Credit will be given for arrangement of ideas, dear expression and direct comparison. 15. Write a short story to the magazine on one of the happenings in your childhood which much influenced you. 16. The wedding of one of the members of your family. 17. Crime and punishment. Give your views on juvenile deliquency. Should the punishment fit the crime? 18. What help in running a home should a husband give to his wife? 19. Explain the pleasures of music-making. 20. What seems to you worthwhile in some forms of popular literature, e. g. detective stories, science fiction? 21. A teacher looking rather tired and harassed at the end of a day's work. 22. A student whose dress and appearance are such as to excite comment. 23. Explain in your own words what is meant by the British custom of April Fool's Day, describing some of the tricks played by British children. 24. Describe some customs of girls and boys in this country. 25. Write a description of some animal with which you are familiar for the benefit of people who have never seen this animal. CONVERSATIONAL EXPRESSIONS (Units One — Eight) Unit One PERSUASION Persuasion involves not only making a suggestion but ac­tively trying to convince someone to agree with you and accept it. As such, it is a mild and (usually) acceptable form of argu­ing. But evidently to use cliches is by far not enough. What you need is valid arguments to really persuade a person to do this or that. Remember that to be convincing you must abide by certain rules in logics: Persuasion (Oh) come on I don't know, but Don't you think I'll tell you what After all Look What you don't seem to Why don't we understand is that I know you can do it I'm awfully sorry to ask It's crucial for you you ... but It's important for you If you'll do it... I'll It's necessary for you Going in to persuasions (Well) I guess so All right Maybe you're right Look — I'll tell you what Oh, if you insist We'll see Making suggestions I wonder/was wondering how Why don't you try to attend What do you say Don't you think Maybe you could If I were you I was wondering if you'd ever I have an idea thought of I think it might be a good idea to Resisting persuasion I don't know No way Oh (with using information) Absolutely not We'll see I don't care I know, but That's all out of the I don't see how question That's a good idea, but That might be OK, but That's true, but I see what you mean, but Some means that can be useful in persuading others 1. Citing facts to support your view, naming their source if the facts are likely to be doubted. 2. Relating relevant incidents or experiences in which you or others have been involved. A vividly told experience is memorable and convincing. 3. Citing authorities who support your view. Brief direct quotations from the authority are impressive. 4. Using humour and funny stories to hold the interest of your readers or listeners. (Be sure, however, that you don't drag in a joke simply to get a laugh. The funny story can illust­rate your arguments in a memorable way.) 5. Using associations to establish a link between things everyone likes (nice people, good feelings, etc.) and the point of view for which you are arguing, or vice versa. 6. Making a direct appeal, once you have established your case, by expressing your conviction with sincerity or feeling. 7. Appealing to emotions, if the subject is one you feel deeply about. Don't, however, let the emotion drown the think­ing! Unit Two ATTACK AND RESPONSE Attack Wouldn't you agree Wouldn't you say that Isn't it (also) true (to say), to believe, to assume Isn't it just possible tentative that + s Might it not (also) be true Surely you'd admit Don't you think direct tag questions: X is ..., isn't it? X is ..., isn't it? X doesn't..., does it? direct If you ask me; As you see it; I'd like to point out that; The point is Response I see (take) your point Possibly (maybe so) I'd agree with you to a certain extent (tentative) That may well be (direct) but+attack Fair enough OK informal That's quite true... Perhaps, but don't you think that I'm not sure I quite agree I see what you mean, but Come off it! You can't be serious. Unit Three AGREEMENT AND DISAGREEMENT Agreeing. Neutral: Yes, I agree. True enough. That's right I can't help thinking the same. Hour true. I couldn't agree more. How right that is. Oh, definitely. Informal: Well, that's the thing. Well, this is it (isn't it) ? Yes, right. Dead right. Too true. I'd go along with you there. I'm with you there. Formal: Oh, I agree entirely. I agree absolutely with... My own view/opinion exactly. I'm of exactly the same opinion. I don't think anyone could/would disagree with... Disagreeing. Neutral: (Oh,) I don't agree... I'm not (at all) sure, actually/in fact. Not really. Oh, I don't know. No, I don't think... I disagree (I'm afraid). That's not right, surely. That's not the way I see it. I can't agree with... I can't help thinking... But isn't it more a matter/question of... ? Do you re­ally think...? Informal: (Oh) surely not I don't see why. I can't go along with... (Oh,) come off it. Nonsense! Rubbish! No way! You must be joking. You can't mean that! Formal: I really must take issue with you (there). (I'm afraid) I can't accept... I can't say that I share that/your view. I'm not at all convinced... I see things rather differently myself. Saying you partly agree. Neutral: I don't entirely agree with... I see your point, but... I see what you mean, but.. To a certain extent, yes, but... There's a lot in what you say, but... Yes, maybe/perhaps, but.. I couldn't agree more, but... That's one way of looking at it, but... Yes, but on the other hand, ... Yes, but we shouldn't forget... Yes, but don't you think... That's all very well, but... Informal: Could be, but... OK, but... Yes, but... Mm, but... I'd go along with most of that, but... Formal: Well, while I agree with you on the whole, ... There's some/a lot of truth in what you say. Still/however, ... I agree in principle, but... That may be so, but... Granted, but... Personally, I wouldn't go so far as (to say) that. Unit Four EXPRESSIONS SHOWING CRITICISM AND VIRTUES I know I am not good at... As for when I look at myself (in a mirror),... well... then I see someone a bit different. That's probably my main fault. I should say I'm not exactly — how should I say? I suppose I'm not coherent in my behaviour. You'd have to see it to believe it! You shouldn't be asking what I think of myself, ... but what I think of... It's law and order what we need. I say get rid of... I'm the sort of ordinary decent person who wants to bring law and order back (to this country). Well, I'm an easy going bloke unless of course... You wind me up. Then I'm a bit vicious. I think I've kept myself respectable — that's the word. I've tried to help ... I've done my best. Perhaps you might consider me a bit of a fanatic. About... But basically I'm a good chap. Not too polemic ... fond of... That's me. When I was young I was very shy. I didn't make (close friends) till... in ..., till quite late in life. I became quite good at being by myself. I had no one to rely on ... and no one to ask for advice. That made me independent. Unit Five REACTING TO OPINION Positive response: True... exactly... I am all out for it. I am in favour of it. You have my whole/full support... I am giving it my backing. I can see no reason to oppose. I urge you... Please, do consider my words very carefully. My reaction is extremely favourable. Negatives: I can't approve of it... No, it bears no relation to... I would find it difficult to (accept it)… I'm not sure you are right about it... Neutral: My personal opinion is... I'm inclined to think that... It goes further than that... That's one way of looking at it, but... You would be well advised.

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