Практикум для студентов по специальности 09. 02. 03 Программирование в компьютерных системах углубленная подготовка. Чита 2015
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Практическая работа №4 The Future Indefinite Tense. Соединённое Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии. В результате изучения темы Студент должен знать: - будущее неопределённое время; - активную лексику по теме. уметь: - употреблять в устной и письменной речи, будущее неопределённое время; - переводить текст со словарем. Алгоритм работы 1. Изучите теорию о «The Future Indefinite Tense». The Future Indefinite Tense (настоящее неопределённое время) – употребляется для обозначения однократного или повторного действия, которое состоится в будущем. Возможные указатели времени: tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next day/week/month/year, in a day/week/month/year etc. Формы образования The Future Indefinite Tense
2. Выполните упражнения. Задание 1. Проанализируйте употребление глаголов в будущем времени.
Задание 2. Вставьте shall или will. 1. I … give you a call in the evening. 2. They … come in a few days. 3. The film … begin in 5 minutes. 4. They … do it themselves. 5. I … help you with the cooking. 6. He … graduate from the University next year. 7. It … get dark in an hour. 8. You … pack your things in the evening. 9. What do you think Sally … do? 10. … the boots be ready by next Friday? Задание 3. Прочитайте и скажите что ты (он, она) будут или не будут делать. 1. Go to home after your classes. 2. Don’t talk at the lesson. 3. Don’t wait for your friends. 4. Don’t forget about your promise. 5. Call your friends. Задание 4. Ответьте на вопросы.
Задание 5. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах: 1) They will return in October. 2) These exercises will be easy for you. 3) He will be able to meet us later. 4) Our drama society will present a new play this year. 5) The lesson will be over at twelve o'clock. 6) There will be three new students in the class. 7) She will leave a message on the table for him. 8) They will write to us on Wednesday. 9) We shall take the children to the park. 3. Переведите текст «Great Britain». Ответьте на вопросы после текста. Составьте краткий пересказ текста. When we speak of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland we actually speak about four countries united into one state: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast. Each of these countries has its own language and government. The United Kingdom of Great Britain is situated on the British Isles lying to the north-west of the continent of Europe. The British Isles consist of two main islands, Great Britain and Ireland separated by the Irish Sea and more than 8000 smaller islands. In the west they are washed by the Atlantic Ocean, in the east by the North Sea. Great Britain is separated from the continent by the English Channel and the Strait of Dover (32 km wide). The surface of England and Ireland is rather flat while the highlands area comprises Scotland and most of Wales. The Cheviot Hills running from east to west, separate England from Scotland. The Pennine Chain extends southward from the Cheviot Hills into the Midlands. There are many rivers in Great Britain but they are not long. The longest river is the Severn, flowing along the border between England and Wales, south-west into the Irish Sea. The busiest and the most important river is the Thames. The chief river in Scotland is the Clyde. Many of the English and Scottish rivers are joined by canals, so that it’s possible to travel by water from one end of Great Britain to the other. The U.K. has many beautiful lakes in Scotland and north-west England. Many Scottish valleys between the hills and filled with lakes, called lochs. The best known is Loch Ness where as some people think a large monster lives. The Lake District in northern England with its lakes, mountains and valleys is a favourite holiday resort. There are no great forests in Great Britain now. Historically, the most famous forest is Sherwood forest, the home of Robin Hood. It is to the north of London. The Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of Gulf Stream influence the climate of Great Britain making it temperate and mild. Winters are not severe (the average temperature of January is 3-7 oC), summers are not very hot (11-17 oC in July). Rains all year round and thick fogs in autumn or in winter are the most typical features of the climate in Great Britain. 4. Прочитайте и переведите письменно текст «British Economy and the State System».Ответьте на вопросы после текста. Great Britain is the highly developed industrial country. It is famous for its industry, heavy and light engineering. The country is the fourth largest exporter of manufactured goods. The largest cities of Great Britain are: London, Birmingham. Glasgow, Manchester, Sheffield, Bristol, Leeds. The most important ports are: London, Liverpool, Southampton, Belfast and Cardiff. London is the capital of the UK and the largest city in Europe dominates Britain. It is a world center for business and money trading, the country’s largest port and a cultural centre. Birmingham is the Britain’s second largest city and its engineering centre. The industrial enterprises of Birmingham and Sheffield produce aeroplanes, motor-cars, electric machinery and apparatus (General Electric Company), agricultural machinery, machine tools, railway carriages and almost everything made of steel and iron. Glasgow in Scotland is the third largest city in Britain. It is associated with heavy industry. It is also famous for its shipyards which lie along the banks of the river Clyde. Manchester became the world’s leading producer of cotton goods. Bradford and Leeds are the main producers of woolen goods. Shipbuilding is centered in Liverpool, Newcastle, and Glasgow. The United Kingdom is capitalist state with mixed economy where production is controlled by both the Government and the private producers. The elected National Economic Development Council coordinates work and development of private and public companies. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a parliamentary monarchy. This means that the power of the British monarch is limited by Parliament. The legislative power belongs to Parliament which consists of two houses: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Lords is composed of 800 peers who are not elected, they inherit this right from their fathers. The Chairman of this House is called Lord Chancellor. 630 members of the House of Commons are elected by people every five years. The Chairman of this house is the Speaker. The main function of the Parliament is lawmaking. The executive power is realized by Prime Minister and his Cabinet. The government is usually formed by the party that wins the election and receives the majority in the House of Commons. The leader of the party becomes Prime Minister. He appoints ministers and forms the Cabinet. The Cabinet, consisting of 20 ministers, holds office for five years. The second largest party becomes the official opposition with its own leader and the Shadow Cabinet. The two leading parties in Great Britain are the Conservative Party and the Labor Party. The judicial branch of the government determines common law and is independent of both legislative and the executive branches.
5. Переведите текст со словарём о столице Великобритании «London». Выполните упражнение после текста. London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and commercial centre. It is one of the largest cities in the world (together with Tokyo and New York) and the largest city in Europe. Its population is about 8 million. London is situated on the river Thames. The city is very old. It has more than a 20century-old history. Tradi tionally it is divided into several parts: the City, West minster, the West End and the East End. They are very different from each other. The City is the oldest part of London, its financial and business centre. Numerous banks, offices and firms are concentrated here, including the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange and the Old Bailey. Few people live in the City but over a million come to work here. Two master pieces are situated within the City: St. Paul's Cathedral and the Tower of London. St. Paul’s Cathedral was built in the 17th century by Christopher Wren. The Tower of London was built in the 11th century. It was used as a fortress, a palace and a prison. Now it’s a museum. Westminster is the aristocratic official part of London. It includes Buckingham Palace where the Queen lives and the Houses of Parliament stretching for nearly 1000 feet along the north bank of the Thames. The Clock Tower of the Houses of Parliament is famous for its big hour bell, known as «Big Ben». Westminster Abbey is the place where coronation of nearly all kings and queens has taken place. Many of them are buried here as well as some other famous people of the country (G. Chaucer, Tennyson, Newton, Ch. Dickens, T. Hardy, R. Kipling, etc.). The West End is the richest and most beautiful part of London. It is a symbol of wealth and luxury. The best ho tels, restaurants, shops, clubs, parks and houses are situ ated there. English aristocracy lives in this region. One of the busiest streets in the West End is Oxford Street. There are many various shops here which attract customers from different countries of the world. Trafalgar Square is the geographical centre of London. It was named in the memory of Admiral Nelson’s victory at the battle of Trafalgar in 1805. The tall Nelson’s Col umn stands in the middle of the square. Opposite the Nelson monument is the National Gallery and the National Portrait Gallery. They contain the finest art collections in the world. Not far from the National Gallery is the British Museum famous for its rich library (about 7,000,000 books). The East End is an industrial district of London. There are many factories and the Port of London there. The region is densely populated by working class families, those people who have built the palaces of the West End. Old residents of the East End are proud to be called cockneys which mean true Londoners, hereditary inhabitants of the area. They love the district very much. capital - столица residence - резиденция centre - центр official - официальный region - район gallery - галерея street - улица painting - живопись, картина district - район masterpiece - шедевр palace - дворец art - искусство royal - королевский collection - коллекция fortress - крепость library - библиотека cathedral - собор wealth - богатство hotel - гостиница to inhabit - населять park - парк resident - житель statue - статуя to attract attention - привлекать внимание monument - памятник contain - содержать memory - память, to occupy - занимать victim - жертва to stretch - простираться museum - музей advertisement - объявление the Bank of England — Английский банк the Stock Exchange — Лондонская фондовая биржа the Old Bailey — Центральный уголовный суд, находящийся в Олд-Бейли. Задание 1. Закончите следующие предложения.
Задание 2. Воспроизведите ситуации из текста, где были употреблены следующие слова: 20 centuries old history, to be concentrated, a palace, to include, to stretch, to be famous for, to take place, a geographical centre, at the battle of, to be populated by, to be called. 6. Прочитайте и переведите письменно текст «Traditions and Customs in UK». Приготовьте сообщения о праздниках в Великобритании. Every nation and every country has its own customs and traditions. In Britain traditions play a more important part in the life of the people than in other countries. Englishmen are proud of their traditions and carefully keep them up. It has been the law for about three hundred years that all the theatres are closed on Sundays. No letters are delivered, only a few Sunday papers are published. Holidays are especially rich in old traditions and are different in Scotland, Ireland, Wales and England. Christmas is a great English national holiday on December 25th. It is a tradition to have a Christmas tree at home, a big turkey for a holiday dinner and give presents to each other. In Scotland it is not kept at all, except by clerks in banks; all the shops, mills and factories are working. But six days later, on New Year’s Eve the Scotch begin to enjoy themselves. All the shops, mills and factories are closed on New Year’s Day on December 31th. When midnight comes they say «Happy New Year» to each other, kiss each other and sing songs. St. Valentine’s Day is celebrated on the 14th of February. It is a day when people celebrate romantic love and send cards or give red roses or chocolates to the person they love. Pancake Day is a day when people eat pancakes. It is the last day before Lent. In the past, Christians ate only simple food during Lent. People used up all their milk, butter and eggs for pancakes on Shrove Tuesday because they were not allowed to eat them during Lent. St. Patrick’s Day is on the 17th of March. It is the national day of Ireland that is also celebrated by Irish people in the UK and US. People wear green clothes, dye flowers green and go to the pub and drink beer. Palm Sunday is the Sunday before Easter. It is the day when Christians celebrate Jesus arrival in Jerusalem when palm leaves were spread on the ground for his donkey to walk on. Easter is the day when Christians celebrate the resurrection of Christ. People give each other Easter eggs and Easter baskets. Halloween, the 31th of October, is the day when people believed that the spirits of dead people appeared. Guy Fawkes’ Night, the 5th of November, is a day when people light bonfires and let off fireworks. Traditionally this is done to remember the time when Guy Fawkes tried, but failed, to destroy the Houses of Parliament with gunpowder in 1605. 7. Посмотрите видео «Window on Britain» part «Festivals» и напишите названия праздников. 8. Переведите письменно текст «The system of Education in Great Britain». Ответьте на вопросы после текста. Составьте таблицу сравнительной характеристики системы образования в России и в Англии. The system of education in any country is aimed at developing a personality for the good of the individual and society as a whole. Pre-school education in England begins at the age of 3 or 4. Around half of the children at this age attend nursery schools or playgroups mostly organized by parents. Children of this age need care as well as education. That's why kids play a lot, learn to listen attentively and to behave. Compulsory primary education begins at the age of five in England, Wales and Scotland and at four in Northern Ireland. Children start their school career in an infant school. Lessons start at 9 a. m. and are over at 4 p. m. They are taught «3 R's»: Reading, wRiting, aRithmetic. Pupils have a lot of fun at school, drawing, reading, dancing or singing'. When they are 7 pupils move to a junior school, which lasts four years till they are 11. They study a lot of subjects: English, Mathematics, Science, History and Geogra phy along with Technology, Music, Art and Physical education. Most of children (over 90 per cent) go to state schools where education is free. Only a small proportion of them attend private (Public) or independent schools. Parents have to pay for the education at these schools. The fees are high and only some families can afford it. So such schools are for the representatives of the high class of England. The most notable Public schools are Eton, Harrow, Winchester and Rugby. Secondary education begins at 11. The majority of secondary schools are Comprehensive schools where boys and girls study together. Besides, parents can take their sons and daughters to Grammar schools or Secondary Modern schools. Grammar schools provide an academic course from 11 to 18. They prepare pupils for colleges and universities. Many children of working class families go to Modern schools. They give a very Limited education. Pupils get instruction in woodwork, metalwork, sewing, shorthand, typing and cooking. After finishing such a school a pupil becomes an unskilled worker. The Comprehensive Schools have their own «Grammar school» classes and «Modern classes» Every pupil has to choose a set of subjects to learn. If he takes up Art he will study English Literature, Music, Art, Drama and foreign languages. If he is good at exact and natural sciences, he will learn Science: Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Geography, Economics and Technical Drawing. The British government encourages careers education in the country. That's why secondary schools try to break down the barriers between education and business. They set up close links with firms to allow their students to take part in business activities. At around 16 years old teenagers take some exams and coursework to get General Certificate of Education. Those who choose to stay on at school usually study for two further years to pass A level (Advanced level) exams. These exams will give them a chance to enter the university. Words to be aimed to — преследовать цель pre-school — дошкольное to attend — посещать compulsory — обязательный primary education — начальное образование infant school, nursery school — подготовительная школа; детский сад junior school — начальная школа science — естествознание secondary education — среднее образование limited — ограниченный sewing — шитье shorthand — стенография unskilled — неквалифицированный to encourage — поощрять link — связь Questions:
Вопросы самоконтроля
Форма контроля Устное собеседование. | |||||||||||||||||||
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