Практикум для студентов по специальности 09. 02. 03 Программирование в компьютерных системах углубленная подготовка. Чита 2015

Задание 2. Определите форму и функцию герундия в следующих предложениях. Переведите их на русский язык. 1. Не finished speaking and sat down. 2. Stop arguing and start working. 3. The children prefer watching TV to reading. 4. Walking is very useful. 5. I had no hope of meeting her here. 6. On seeing her parents the girl laughed. 7. He is thinking of leaving his job and going to America. 8. Did you hear of John’s having been sent abroad? 9. She is looking forward to reading his new book. 10. I don’t enjoy going to the doctor. 11. Grammar is the art of speaking, reading and writing. Задание 3. Преобразуйте предложения, употребив герундий вместо инфинитива. Образец: I like to read. I like reading. I like to skate. 2. I hate to read detective stories. 3. I think to send him a telegram. 4. I remember to tell you about it. 5. They stopped to smoke. 6. They prefer to stay at home in the evening. 7. He continued to speak to his friends. 8. He kept to talk about the events. 3. Прочитайте, переведите текст «Hardware Devices», подготовьте сообщения по теме. Выполните задания после текста. Webster’s dictionary gives us following definition of the hardware- the devices composing a computer system. Computer hardware can be divided into four categories: input hardware processing hardware storage hardware output hardware. Input hardware Input hardware collects data and converts them into a form suitable for computer processing. The most common input device is a keyboard. It looks very much like a typewriter. The mouse is hand-held device connected to the computer by a small cable. As the mouse is rolled across the desktop, the cursor moves across the screen. When the cursor reaches the desired location, the user usually pushes a button on the mouse once or twice to give a command to the computer. Another type of input hardware is scanner, microphone and video camera. Processing hardware Processing hardware directs the execution of software instructions in the computer. The most common components of processing hardware are the central processing unit and main memory. The central processing unit (CPU) is the brain of the computer. It reads and interprets software instructions and coordinates the processing. Memory is the component of the computer in which information is stored. There are two types of computer memory: RAM and ROM. RAM (random access memory) is the memory, used for creating, loading and running programs. ROM (read only memory) is computer memory used to hold programmed instructions to the system. The more memory you have in your computer, the more operations you can perform. Storage hardware The purpose of storage hardware is to store computer instructions and data hardware. The most common ways of storing data are hard disk, floppy disk and SD-ROM. Hard disk is a rigid disk coated with magnetic material, for storing programs. Floppy disk (diskette) is a plastic disk coated with magnetic material, for storing computer data and programs. There are two formats for floppy disks: 5.25 and 3.5 Output hardware There are two types of output: soft copy and hard copy. Soft copy is information that is seen on a television-like screen, of monitor, attached to most computers. It is temporary; as soon as the monitor is turned off or new information is required, the old information vanishes. Hard copy is output printed in a tangible form such as on paper. It can be read without using the computer and can be conveniently carried around, written on, or passed to other readers. Types of output hardware are modem, printer, flash card, USB driver. Vocabulary: keyboard - клавиатура mouse - мышь to load - загружать instruction - команда error message - сообщение об ошибки input hardware – устройство для ввода информации processing hardware – устройство обработки данных storage hardware – устройство хранения данных output hardware – устройство для вывода информации button - кнопка memory - память to create - создавать soft copy - мягкая копия, изображение на экране hard copy - твердая копия, машинная (печатная) to attach - подсоединяться, подключать Задание 1. Ответьте на вопросы. 1. What is hardware? 2. What does input hardware do? 3. What is the most common input device? 4. What are the main components of processing hardware? 5. What is the purpose of storage hardware? 6. What do you think is a hard copy? Задание 2. Скажите, верное(true) или неверное(false) утверждение. 1. Hard copy vanishes when we turn the computer off. 2. There are two types of input: soft copy and hard copy. 3. Processing occurs in the part of the computer called the mouse. 4. Information is stored in memory. 5. The more memory you have in your computer, the less operations you can perform. 6. Hard copy can be read without using the computer. Задание 3. Заполните таблицу, используя картинку. № English terms Russian terms 2 Память 3 Hard disk 4 5 6 Дисковод 7 Гнездо, порт 8 9 10 11 Экран 12 Дискета, гибкий диск 13 Задание 4. Переведите с русского на английский язык. 1. Одним из входных устройств является клавиатура. 2. К устройствам ввода относятся мышка, сканер, микрофон и многое другое. 3. Самая главная часть компьютера – центральный процессор. 4. Память помогает компьютеру хранить информацию. 5. Чем больше память в компьютере, тем больше операций можно выполнять. 6. Существуют 2 типа входных устройств: мягкая копия и твердая копия. Задание 5. Какой вариант определения термина вы считаете лучшим? Computer a data processor performing substantial computation; a machine that thinks; an electronic machine that processes data under the control of a stored program. Data the information that is inputted with the program, and on which mathematical and logical operations are performed; things known or assumed as a basis for inference, reckoning, sliding scale, etc.; a representation of facts, concepts, or instructions in a formalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation or processing by human or automatic means. Memory faculty by which things are recalled to or kept in the mind; the internal storage location of a computer; any device that can store data. Input device a) machines by which information is sent 10 the computer; b) the device or collective set of devices used for conveying data into another device; c) the terminal for an electrical input. Output device machine by which information is received from the computer; the terminal for the output on an electrical device; the device or collective set of devices used for conveying data out of another device. Вопросы самоконтроля Что такое герундий? Назовите части оборудования компьютера по-английски. Форма контроля Устное собеседование. Практическая работа №10 Неопределённые местоимения much, many, few, a few, little, a little. Программное обеспечение компьютера. В результате изучения темы Студент должен знать: - неопределённые местоимения much, many, few, a few, little, a little; - активную лексику по теме. уметь: - использовать в устной и письменной речи неопределённые местоимения; - переводить текст профессиональной направленности. Алгоритм работы 1. Изучите теорию о неопределённых местоимениях little, a little, few, a few, much, many. little (мало) с неисчисляемыми существительными a little (немного) few (мало) с исчисляемыми существительными a few (немного, несколько) much (много) с неисчисляемыми существительными many (много) с исчисляемыми существительными 2. Выполните упражнения: Задание 1. Вставьте в пропуски неопределённые местоимения little, a little, few, a few, much, many. 1. I'd like to say ... words about my travelling. 2. She gave him ... water to wash his hands and face. 3. He had ... English books at home, so he had to go to the library. 4. After the lesson everybody felt ... tired. 5. Let's stay here ... longer. I like it here. 6. There were ... new words in the text and Peter spent ... time learning them. 7. There was ... sugar in the bowl, and we had to put ... sugar there. 8. My mother knows German ... and she can help you with the translation of this text. 10. When we walked ... farther down the road we met another group of pupils. 11. Have you got... time before the lesson? Задание 2. Переведите на английский язык: Много тетрадей, много молока, много воды, много дней, много газет, много мела, много снега, много лет, много картин, много музыки, много сахара, много чая, много лимонов, много мяса, много комнат, много учителей, много работы, много воздуха, много птиц, много машин. Задание 3. Вставьте в пропуски much или many: 1. Please don't ask me ... questions. 2. How ... money have you got? 3. I never eat... bread with soup. 4. Why did you eat so ... ice-cream? 5. She wrote us ... letters from the country. 6. ... of these students don't like to look up words in the dictionary. 7. ... in this work was too difficult for me. 8. He spent ... time writing his composition in Literature. 9. There were... plates on the table. 10. Thank you very ... ! 11. ... of my friends are preparing for their entrance examinations now. 12. I don't like ... sugar in my tea. Задание 4. Переведите на русский язык: 1. В стакане есть немного молока. 2. В тетради осталось мало чистых страниц. 3. У тебя много кофе? — Нет, очень мало. 4. Немногие из англичан говорят по-русски. 5. У них здесь очень мало друзей. 6. У него очень мало времени для чтения. 7. У Петра много русских книг и мало английских книг. 8. У меня есть немного времени вечером, чтобы закончить эту работу. 9. Я провожу много времени в библиотеке, потому что я готовлюсь к экзаменам. Задание 5. Заполните пропуски местоимениями much, many, little, few. Переведите предложения на русский язык: 1) Very ... people know about it. 2) He is a man of ... words. 3) ... was said but ... done. 4) Say ... and do ... . 5) I... heard about the book but ... read it. 6) There isn't ... harm in it. 7) He has very ... knowledge of the matter. 8) ... is spoken about it, but ... believe it. 9) We have … friends in Leningrad. 10) There were very ... mistakes in his spelling. Задание 6. Вставьте одно из следующих слов в пропуски: 1. As the field survey shows, very … customers find the design of our goods attractive. a) little b) few c) much 2. We managed to capture … contracts last month. a) little b) much c) many 3. We have … time at our disposal. We must make a decision right away. a) little b) much c) many 4. There is very … data available about market trends in this region. a) a few b) little c) many 5. We spent too … time on routine meetings. a) much b) a few c) many 6. ‘Are there any seats on the next flight to Madrid?’ ‘Yes, there are ….’ a) little b) many c) much 7. I am beginning to get … worried about the situation. a) a little b) few c) many 8. We need … more time to think about your proposal. a) a little b) many c) a few 9. … insurance companies protect their customers against risk. a) a little b) many c) much 10. It takes one … money to join a credit union. a) a few b) many c) much 3. Прочитайте, переведите письменно текст «Types of Software», выполните упражнения после текста. A computer to complete a job requires more than just the actual equipment or hardware we see and touch. It requires Software programs for directing the operation of a computer or electronic data. Software is the final computer system component. These computer programs instruct the hardware how to conduct processing. The computer is merely a general- purpose machine which requires specific software to perform a given task. Computers can input, calculate, compare, and output data as information. Software determines the order in which these operations are performed. Programs usually fall in one of two categories: system software and applications software. System software controls standard internal computer activities. An operating system, for example, is a collection of system programs that aid in the operation of a computer regardless of the application software being used. When a computer is first turned on, one of the systems programs is booted or loaded into the computer’s memory. This software contains information about memory capacity, the model of the processor, the disk drives to be used, and more. Once the system software is loaded, the applications software can start to work. System programs are designed for the specific pieces of hardware. These programs are called drivers and coordinate peripheral hardware and computer activities. User needs to install a specific driver in order to activate his or her peripheral device. For example, if you intend to buy printer or a scanner you need to worry in advance about the driver programs which, though, commonly go along with your device. By installing the driver you «teach» your main board to «understand» the newly attached part. Applications software satisfies your specific need. The developers of application software rely mostly on marketing research strategies trying to do their best to attract more users (buyers) to their software. As the productivity of the hardware has increased greatly in recent years, the programmers nowadays tend to include all kinds of gimmicks in one program to make software interface look more attractive to the user. These class of programs is the most numerous and perspective from the marketing point of view. Data communication within and between computers systems is handled by system software. Communications software transfers data from one computer system to another. These programs usually provide users with data security and error checking along with physically transferring data between the two computer’s memories. During the past five years the developing electronic network communication has stimulated more and more companies to produce various communication software, such as Web-Browsers for Internet. Words: to complete - завершать to require — требовать equipment — оборудование to direct — управлять to conduct — проводить internal — внутренний control — управление specific — конкретный, определенный general-purpose — многоцелевой aid — помощь regard — отношение regardless — безотносительно, несмотря на memory capacity — вместимость памяти to install — устанавливать, встраивать, инсталлировать to transfer — переводить, переносить to provide with — обеспечивать чем-либо to secure — обеспечивать безопасность security — безопасность to develop — развивать, проявлять developer — разработчик to check — проверять attach — присоединять Web-browser — «браузер» (программа, позволяющая пользователю искать и считывать информацию с глобальной электронной сети Internet) peripheral — периферийный to boot — запускать to handle — управлять gimmick — зд. Приманка Задание 1. Ответьте на вопросы. What is software? In what two basic groups software (programs) could be divided? 3. What is system software for? What is an operating system — system or application software? What is a driver? What is application software? What is application software for? What is the tendency in application software market in recent years? What is the application of the communication soft ware?

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