Тема: «Москва»

Косвенная речь и согласование времён в английском языке

Косвенная речь — речь какого-либо лица, переданная говорящим (или пишущим) в предложении, подчинённом его собственной фразе, вводящей эту речь.В английском языке косвенная речь обычно работает по правилу согласования времён. Оно означает, что сказуемое придаточного предложения имеет то же время, что и сказуемое главного.

Если бы такое правило работало в русском языке, то вместо «Она сказала, что муж спит» мы бы говорили «Она сказала, что муж спал». Таким образом, сказуемое той фразы, о которой мы говорим, меняет своё время на прошлое.

1.Прямая речь содержала настоящее время

Если Майк звонит нам по телефону и говорит I’m in New York, то когда мы будет сообщать об этом товарищу, скажем:
Mike said he was in NY. /Майк сказал, что он в Нью-Йорке./.
is/am превращается в was
are превращается в were
have/has превращается в had
will превращается в would
can превращается в could
do, sleep, want и так далее превращаются в did, slept, wanted и т. д.

2. Прямая речь содержала настоящее время, но информация до сих пор актуальна

Если вы считаете, что сообщение, о котором идёт речь, до сих пор истинно, то можно сохранить настоящее время. 
Tom said New York is bigger than London.
В таком случае не будет ничего страшного и если мы заменим настоящее время на прошедшее.
Tom said New York was bigger than London.
Единственное, чего нельзя делать – это сохранять настоящее время тогда, когда положение дел изменилось.

3. Прямая речь содержала прошедшее время

Если нам сообщили об уже совершившихся событиях, то есть сказуемое в оригинале уже имело прошедшее время, то его можно изменить на прошедшее совершенное: 
Tom said he had found a job.
а можно и оставить прошедшее простое: 
Tom said he found a job.
Смотрите по обстановке, как будет удобнее. Ошибиться тут сложно, главное, чтобы вас поняли.

4. Прямая речь содержала будущее время

Слово will изменится на would, и предложение будет выглядеть так:
He said he would take a taxi /Он сказал, что поедет на такси./

5. Повелительное наклонение

Это самый простой для нас случай, поскольку предложение здесь строится так же, как и в русском языке - через инфинитив.
Mike asked me to come on Monday. /Майк попросил меня прийти в понедельник./

Согласование времён

Косвенная речь является частным случаем сложноподчинённого предложения. Те же правила работают и для предложений, где нет косвенной речи, а сказуемым главного предложения являются глаголы «думал», «считал», «верил», «ожидал» и другие. Это называется согласованием времён. 
I thought you were in London. / Я думал, что ты в Лондоне./ 
I knew that you would understand me. / Я знал, что вы поймете меня./
Задание 28.1. Превратите следующие предложения в косвенную речь, сделав все необходимые изменения.

Н-р:   Jack said: “ I  am working hard.” (Джэк сказал: «Я много работаю.») – Jack said (that) he was working hard. (Джэк сказал, что много работает.)

I told her: “You can join us.” (Я сказал ей: «Ты можешь присоединиться к нам.») – I told her (that) she could join us.” (Я сказал ей, что она может присоединиться к нам.)

1. 
   Fred said: “I have invented a new computer program”.
   
2. 
   Mary said: “I will help my sister.” (
   
3. 
   They told me: “We were really happy.”
   
4. 
   She said: “I live in a big apartment.”
   
5. 
   He told her: “I am going to the fish market.”
   
6. 
   Betty said: “I found my passport.”
   
7. 
   Mr. Ford said: “I don’t like pork.”
   
8. 
   Little Tim told his mother: “I am sleepy.”
   

Задание 28.2. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление времен в русском и английском языках.

1. We did not know where our friends went every evening. 2. We did not know where our friends had gone. 3. She said that her best friend was a doctor. 4. She said that her best friend had been a doctor. 5. I didn’t know that you worked at the Hermitage. 6. I didn’t know that you had worked at the Hermitage. 7. I knew that you were ill. 8. I knew that you had been ill. 9. We found out that she left home at eight o’clock every morning. 10. We found out that she had left home at eight o’clock that morning. 11. When he learnt that his son always received excellent marks in all the subjects at school, he was very pleased. 12. When he learnt that his son had received an excellent mark at school, he was very pleased.

Задание 28.3. Передайте следующие повелительные предложения в косвенной речи.

1. “Explain to me how to solve this problem,” my friend said to me. 2. The doctor said to Nick, “Open your mouth and show me your tongue.” 3. “Don’t be afraid of my dog,” said the man to Kate. 4. “Take this book and read it,” said the librarian to the boy. 5. The doctor said to Pete, “Don’t go for a walk today.” 6. “Don’t eat too much ice cream,” Nick’s mother said to him. 7. “Go home,” the teacher said to us. 8. “Buy some meat in the shop,” my mother said to me. 9. “Sit down at the table and do your homework,” my mother said to me. 10. “Don’t forget  to clean your teeth,” said granny to Helen. 11. “Don’t sit up late,” said the doctor to Mary.

Задание 28.4. Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.

1. The mother said, “The children are in the nursery, doctor.” 2. “I have no time for lunch today,” said the boy to his mother. 3. “You speak English very well,” the woman said to me. 4. My brother said to me, “I am going to become a doctor.” 5. My uncle said to us, “I buy several newspapers every day.” 6. The teacher said to the pupils, “Next year we shall have six hours of English a week.” 7. He said to me, “I want to see you today.” 8. She said, “I am free tonight”. 9. Mother said to me, “I feel bad today.”10. The pupil said to the teacher, “I can do my homework after dinner.” 11. The teacher said to Jack, “You work hard, I know. You are a good boy.” 12. The old man said to the girl, “You can sing perfectly. I think you will be a famous singer.” 13. My sister said to me, “You look very well, much better than you looked yesterday. I think you have recovered after your illness.” 14. “You are an excellent cook. Everything is so tasty,” my guest said to met 15. The student said, “I can’t answer this question. I don’t understand it.”

Домашнее задание: Выучить грамматический материал
Практическое занятие № 29.

Тема: Косвенная речь. Согласование времен

Цель: Активизация грамматического материала в устной речи
Задание 29.1 Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предложениях.

1. Tom said he would go to see the doctor the next day. 2. He told me he was ill. 3. He told me he had fallen ill. 4. They told me that Tom had not come to school the day before. 5. I told my sister that she might catch a cold. 6. She told me she had caught a cold. 7. He said that while crossing the English Channel they had stayed on deck all the time. 8. The woman said she had felt sick while crossing the Channel. 9. She said she was feeling bad that day.10. The old man told the doctor that he had pain in his right side. 11. He said he had just been examined by a good doctor. 12. He said he would not come to school until Monday. 13. The man said he had spent a month at a seaside resort. 14. He said that his health had greatly improved since then.

       

Задание 29.2. Передайте следующие общие вопросы в косвенной речи.

1. I said to Boris, “Does your friend live in London?” 2. They said to the mam, “Are you living in a hotel?” 3. He said to his friend, “Will you stay at the Hilton?” 4. He said to me, “Do you often go to see your friends?” 5. He said to me, “Will you see your friends before you leave St Petersburg?” 6. Mike said to Jane, “Will you come to the railway station to see me off?” 7. She said to me, “Have you sent them an e-mail?” 8. She said to me, “Did you send them an e-mail yesterday?” 9. I said to Mike, “Have you packed your suitcase?” 10. I said to Kate, “Did anybody meet you at the station?” 11. I said to her, “Can you give me their address?” 12. I asked Tom, “Have you had breakfast?” 13. I asked my sister, “Will you stay at home or go for a walk after dinner?” 14. I said to my mother, “Did anybody come to see me?” 15. I asked my sister, “Will Nick call for you on the way to school?” 16. She said to the young man, “Can you call a taxi for me?” 17. Mary said to Peter, “Have you shown your photo to Dick?” 18. Oleg said to me, “Will you come here tomorrow?” 19. He said to us, “Did you go to the museum this morning?”
Задание 29.3. Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предложениях.

1. I asked if they had taken the sick man to hospital. 2. I asked my friend if he had a headache. 3. I wanted to know when he had fallen ill. 4. I wondered if he had taken his temperature. 5. I asked him if the doctor had given him some medicine. I asked him if he was feeling better now. 6. I asked the man how long he had been in St Petersburg. 7. I asked him if he was going to a ski resort in Colorado. 8. We asked the girl if her father was still in Moscow. 9. I asked the girl what sort of work her father did.
Задание 29.4. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. “Do you like my pies, Ann?” asked her grandmother. 2. “Stop shouting and do your homework,” Tom’s mother said to him. 3. “What did you do at school yesterday, John?” said his father. 4. “Will you play the piano today, Helen?” asked her aunt. 5. My uncle said, “We shall visit you next week.” 6. “Don’t cross the street when the lights are red,” said the man to Nick. 7. “I borrowed a very good book from our library yesterday,” said Mike to his father. 8. “Come to my house tomorrow, Jane,” said Lena. 9. “Where are your books, Betsy?” said her mother.

 

Задание 29.5.Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. “Lock the door when you leave the house,” my elder sister said to me. 2. “Have you received a telegram from your wife?” she asked Robert. 3. Mabel said, “Nothing will change my decision and I shall leave for Cape Town tonight.” 4. “Please don’t smoke in the room,” said the old woman to her nephew. 5. “I am shivering with cold,” said the girl.6.“I want to sit in the armchair,” said the boy. 7. The secretary said to me, “The delegation arrived in St Petersburg yesterday.” 8. “Open the window, please,” she said to me. 9. He said, “I shall light a fire and make myself breakfast.” 10. “Don’t run to the door when you hear the bell,” said the woman to her little daughter. 11. She asked me, “How long are you going to stay here?” 12. Mary asked me, “Will you spend your holidays in Moscow?”
Домашнее задание: Повторить ЛЕ и грамматический материал

ГБПОУ ВО «Хреновской лесной колледж им. Г.Ф. Морозова»

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ

по выполнению практических работ

по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» (английский)

для студентов 3 курса специальности

35.02.01 «Лесное и лесопарковое хозяйство»

с. Слобода, 2015