Тема: «Москва»

Задание 3. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. Where and when was Joseph Turner born?

2. Where did he go to school?

3. At what age did he make his first drawings?

4. When did he begin to exhibit his paintings?

5. Did he stay in his country all his life?

6. What was he interested in as landscape painter?

7. When and where did he die?

8. Who is the owner of Turner's works?
Задание 4. Кратко перескажите текст.
Домашнее задание: повторить ЛЕ
Практическое занятие № 21.

Цель: История писем

Тема: Развитие навыков чтения с использованием ключевых слов.

Прочитайте текст и выполните следующие задания

We receive a lot of emails every day. It has become such a usual thing. It’s a fact that people have stopped writing letters. It is going out of date. Just imagine only a hundred years ago we looked forward to an envelope in our postbox. And it came to us in many trains, it flew through air, over the mountains and seas, it passed through the hands of many people. It is so simple to send emails today that people never remember that it was once a very difficult and special task.

In ancient times “letters” were brought by runners – men who could run fast and far – and the “letters” they carried were not written, but were told to a receiver. Postmen in those days had to have a good memory, and they had to be honest. This was especially important: the “letter” often had important secrets in it, it had to reach only ears of the receiver and without any change in it. Post runners were met everywhere with respect and honour. Nobody was allowed to stop them or to do anything against them. History has many stories about runners and descriptions of what they did.

Traditions connected with the postal service were different in different countries. In Mexico, for example, after a battle the people knew by the runner’s clothes whether the message he was carrying to the capital was good or bad. If he had on a white belt and his long hair was tied with a red ribbon it meant that the battle had been won; if he came from the battle field with his hair untied, he carried the news that the battle had been lost.

Post runners sometimes had other duties besides carrying letters. Indian post runners in Mexico, where the postal service was very fast, were sometimes used to send – fish! Sea fish for a king’s table. The capital was four hundred kilometers from the sea.

Vocabulary:

Задание 21.1 Ответьте на вопросы.
1. Why have people stopped writing letters?

2. Do people look forward to receiving emails?
Задание 21.2. Соедините начало и конец предложений:

It has become Post runners were met  it passed through we look forward to  In ancient times “letters” were brought  Indian post runners in Mexico  sometimes used to send –

a. everywhere with respect and honor. b. the hands of many people c. by runners d. fish! e. such a usual thing. f. an envelope in our postbox

Задание 21.3. Найдите следующие словосочетания в тексте:

Конверт в почтовом ящике; оправить письмо; далеко и быстро; иметь хорошую память; быть честным; после сражения; белый пояс; красная лента; каждый день; через горы и моря; сложное и особое задание; в древние времена; иметь важные секреты; победить сражение.

Домашнее задание: Выучить ЛЕ

Практическое занятие № 22.

Тема: Условные предложения.

Цель: Развитие лексико-грамматических навыков говорения.

Основные теоретические положения

Реальные действия — те, которые произойдут, при каких-то условиях. Нереальные — это те, которые невозможны или возможны при почти невероятных условиях.

Например: Fact (реальное): I work in a restaurant, but I don’t earn much. — Я работаю в ресторане, но зарабатываю немного. If I find a better job, I will take it. — Если я найду лучшую работу, я на нее пойду.

Non-fact (почти нереальное): I wish I had a lot of money. — Жаль, что у меня немного денег (Хотел бы я иметь больше денег). If I had a lot of money, I would open my own restaurant. — Если бы у меня было много денег, я бы открыл собственный ресторан.


Задание 22.1. Раскройте скобки и поставьте приведенные в них глаголы в правильную грамматическую форму в соответствии с типом данного условного предложения. Назовите соответствующий тип условного предложения.

1. If Ann (to be) busy, Jennifer (to wait) for her in the lobby

2. If Jack (to meet) her parents, I (to inform) you about it

3. Jenny (to have) underweight unless she (to stop) smoking.

4. If Elisabeth`s children (to be) there, they (to enjoy) this unusual party.

5. If Henry (to drink) milk there, he (to eat) your fish now.

6. If Jane (to learn) these German phrases, she (to be able) to explain her wishes.

7. If our students (to read) these articles last week, they (to be) geared-up to answer these questions.
8. If Linda (to be) in the club a day before yesterday, we (to see) her there.

9. If our children (to be) afraid of thunderstorm, we (to ask) Mary`s sister to stay with them.

10. If we (to gather) a lot of mushrooms that summer, I (can + to give) a royal spread to our friends tonight.

11. Peter (not to catch) the bus unless he (to hurry).

12. If Jane had bought enough vegetables yesterday, she should have made more different salads.
Задание 22.2. Подберите к первой части условных предложений (из первого столбика) их окончание (из второго столбика). Обратите внимание на тип условного предложения. Переведите получившиеся предложения.
Н-р:   1 – с  (Мы бы испекли торт, если бы мы купили немного яиц вчера.)

1) We would have made a cake                     a) if he hadn’t shouted at them.

2) If it rains much                                         b) if she loses weight.

3) If I knew English well                                c) if we had bought some eggs yesterday.

4) My kids wouldn’t have cried                      d) if I were you.

5) I would call him                                        e) I would be an interpreter.

6) She will put this dress on                          f) the flowers will grow very fast.

Задание 22.3. Раскройте скобки в условных предложениях II типа и поставьте глаголы в правильную         форму.

Н-р: If Susan … (move) to Tokyo, she … (live) near her sister. (Если бы Сюзан  переехала в Токио, она бы жила рядом со своей сестрой.) – If Susan moved to Tokyo, she would live near her sister.

1. 
   If you … (have) a driving license, you … (get) this job.
   
2. 
   My dog … (be) 20 years old today if it … (be) alive.
   
3. 
   I … (go) to the police if I … (be) you.
   
4. 
   If people … (not buy) guns, the world … (become) safer.
   

5. Tom ... (not eat) much “fast food” if his wife … (cook) at home.

Задание 22.4. Раскройте скобки в условных предложениях I типа и поставьте глаголы в правильную           форму.

Н-р:   If it … (rain), we … (stay) at home. (Если пойдет дождь, мы останемся дома.) – If I trains, we shall stay at home.

1. 
   If he … (practice) every day, he … (become) a champion.
   
2. 
   She … (help) us if we … (ask).
   
3. 
   If they … (have) enough money, they … (open) a restaurant next year.
   
4. 
   I … (not talk) to you anymore if you … (insult) me.
   
5. 
   If Bob … (not keep) his word, Anna … (be angry) with him.
   

Домашнее задание: Выучить грамматический материал

Практическое занятие №23.

Тема: Как написать письмо на английском

Цель: Тренировка навыков письменной речи



Фразы для написания письма:

1 абзац. В первом абзаце вам следует поблагодарить своего друга за его письмо: Thanks (a lot) for your (last) letter. Your last letter was a real surprise. I was glad to get your letter. It was great to hear from you! / It was great to hear that… / I was happy to hear… Вы можете также извиниться за то, что не писали раньше: Sorry I haven’t written for so long but …/ Sorry I haven’t been in touch for so long. I’m sorry I haven’t answered earlier but I was really busy with my school. и/или упомянуть какой-либо факт из полученного письма: I’m glad you passed your History test! Sounds like you had a great time in London! Great news about your…!

3 абзац. В последнем параграфе объясните, почему вы заканчиваете письмо: Well, I’d better go now as I have to do my homework. Anyway, I have to go now because my Mum asked me to help her with the washing up. I’ve got to go now! It’s time for my favourite TV show. упомяните о дальнейших контактах: Write (back) soon! Take care and keep in touch! Drop me a letter when you can. Hope to hear from you soon. I can’t wait to hear from you!

2 абзац. Основная часть письма (2–3 абзаца). В ней вы должны раскрыть все аспекты, указанные в задании. Не забудьте задать необходимые вопросы. Предполагается, что письмо должно быть написано в неформальном стиле, поэтому вы можете использовать неформальные слова-связки, такие как well, by the way, anyway, so, разговорные выражения типа Guess what? Или Wish me luck!, а также восклицательные знаки.

4 абзац. На следующей строке под завершающей фразой указывается имя автора (без фамилии!). Например: Andy или Kate

Задание 23.1. Вы получили письмо от вашего англоязычного друга. Прочтите и переведите письмо.

…All in all, my birthday party was great! However, one of my friends came to the party in casual clothes. Just jeans and a T-shirt! Of course I didn’t say anything but she felt a bit left out. I was really sorry for her! And what do you usually wear when you go to a birthday party? Is it important in Russia to wear smart clothes at parties? What would you do if you were me? I’ve got to go now as I have loads of homework to do. Drop me a line when you can.

Lots of  love, Patricia

Задание 23.2. Напишите ответное письмо, используя следующие пункты:

1. 
   Расскажите о том, как у вас дела.
   
2. 
   Ответьте на вопросы, заданные в письме.
   
3. 
   Задайте 3 вопроса о подарках, которые ей подарили.
   

Домашнее задание: Написать письмо другу

Практическое занятие № 24.

Тема: Имя существительное.

Цель: Развитие лексико-грамматических навыков говорения

Основные теоретические положения:

Множественное число имен существительных.



Задание 24.1 Образуйте множественное число следующих существительных:

Задание 24.2. Заполните пропуски существительными в единственном или множественном числе.

1. They ate some (tomato) ______________.

2. You can put (sugar) ______________ in your tea.

3. We have to buy new (furniture) ______________.

4. I need to wash my (hair) ______________.

5. We had lots of (fun) ______________.

6. The Milfords have a lot of (money) ______________.

7. How many (people) ______________ were at the cinema with you?

8. Could you give some (information) ______________ on your project?

9. In this hotel, (family) ______________ are very welcome.

10. Those (man) ______________ seem to be very tired.

Притяжательный падеж имен существительных.

• 
  Притяжательный падеж существительных в единственном числе образуется путем прибавления к существительному окончания 's:
  

  he girls's hat	шляпа девочки
  John's friend	друг Джона
  the cat's leg	нога кошки

• 
  Притяжательный падеж существительных во множественном числе образуется прибавлением только одного апострофа:
  

  the boys' book	книга мальчиков
  the girls' bags	портфели девочек

• 
  Если множественное число существительного образуется не прибавлением окончания /s/, а изменением формы, то притяжательный падеж формируется также как и для единственного числа, т.е. прибавлением окончания /'s/:
  

man's happiness	счастье человека
men's happiness	счастье людей
the children's books	книги детей

Задание24.3. Перепишите предложения, используя притяжательный падеж существительных. Переведите готовые предложения.

This car belongs to Sam. (Эта машина принадлежит Сэму.) – This is Sam’s car. (Это машина Сэма.)

1. 
   
   

Задание 24.4. Прочитайте текст и определите родственные связи героев, используя притяжательный падеж.

George and Mary are married. They have 2 children: John and Laura. Mary has a sister, Kelly. George has a brother, Rob.

            George is Mary’s husband. (Джордж – муж Мэри.)

1. 
   
   

Домашнее задание: Повторить ЛЕ

Практическое занятие №26.

Тема: Компьютер и интернет

Цель: Введение и первичное закрепление ЛЕ по теме
The Internet has already entered our ordinary life. Everybody knows that the Internet is a global computer network, which embraces hundreds of millions of users all over the world and helps us to communicate with each other.

The history of Internet began in the United States in 1969. It was a military experiment, designed to help to survive during a nuclear war, when everything around might be polluted by radiation and it would be dangerous to get out for any living being to get some information to anywhere. Information sent over the Internet takes the shortest and safest path available from one computer to another. Because of this, any two computers on the net will be able to stay in touch with each other as long as there is a single route between them. This technology was called packet switching.

Invention of modems, special devices allowing your computer to send the information through the telephone line, has opened doors to the Internet for millions of people.

Most of the Internet host computers are in the United States of America. It is clear that the accurate number of users can be counted fairly approximately, nobody knows exactly how many people use the Internet today, because there are hundreds of millions of users and their number is growing.

Nowadays the most popular Internet service is e-mail. Most of the people use the network only for sending and receiving e-mail messages. They can do it either they are at home or in the internet clubs or at work. Other popular services are available on the Internet too. It is reading news, available on some dedicated news servers, telnet, FTP servers, etc.

In many countries, the Internet could provide businessmen with a reliable, alternative to the expensive and unreliable telecommunications systems its own system of communications. Commercial users can communicate cheaply over the Internet with the rest of the world. When they send e-mail messages, they only have to pay for phone calls to their local service providers, not for international calls around the world, when you pay a good deal of money.

But saving money is only the first step and not the last one. There is a commercial use of this network and it is drastically increasing. Now you can work through the internet, gambling and playing through the net.

However, there are some problems. The most important problem is security. When you send an e-mail, your message can travel through many different networks and computers. The data is constantly being directed towards its destination by special computers called routers. Because of this, it is possible to get into any of the computers along the route, intercept and even change the data being sent over the Internet. But there are many encoding programs available. Notwith-standing, these programs are not perfect and can easily be cracked.

Another big and serious problem of the net is control. Yes, there is no effective control in the Internet, because a huge amount of information circulating through the net. It is like a tremendous library and market together. In the future, the situation might change, but now we have what we have. It could be expressed in two words— an anarchist's dream.

Vocabulary:

tremendous —разг. огромный, гигантский, громадный; потрясающий
 

Задание 26.1Ответить на вопросы:

Домашнее задание: ответить на вопросы
Практическое занятие №27.

Тема: Компьютер в нашей жизни.

Цель: Тренировка навыков устной речи

Задание 27.1 Прочтите и переведите текст.

Computers in our life

Computers quickly entered into our life. They have changed our lives for the better. The modern computing machines present one of the most achievements of human thought, that is why it’s difficult to imagine our life without this clever machine. Today we almost use PCs in every office, in every house, in every school, on airplanes, etc. The user of the computer can be a writer and an artist, a doctor and an engineer, a musician and a teacher. It is the universal tool which is capable to help everyone. 

1._________________

Numerous factories use computers to control machines that make products. A computer turns on and off and adjusts their operations when necessary. Without computers, it would be impossible for engineers to perform the enormous number of calculations needed to solve many technological problems.

Architectural and civil engineers use the computers in designing complicated bridges, official institutions, shopping centers and other structures. 

2. _________

The Robot is also controlled by the computer. The Robot is a mechanical device. It can carry out the work, which for people proves to be too heavy or even impossible, for instance, in conditions of strong fierce frost. Quite often one robot can change two workers at the plant. 

3. ______________

Computers help in the building of spacecraft, and they assist flight engineers in launching, controlling and tracking the vehicles. Computers also are used to develop equipment for exploring the moon and planets. Computers have been of tremendous help to researchers in the biological, physical and social sciences. Astronomers use computers to guide telescopes and to process photographic images of planets and other objects in space. 

4. ________

Computers can be used to compose music, write poems and produce drawings and paintings. A work generated by a computer may resemble that a certain artist in birth style and form, or it may appear abstract оr random. Computers are also used in the study of the fine arts, particularly, literature. They have also been programmed to help scholars identify paintings and sculptures from ancient civilizations. 

5. ______________

There are many computer classes at our technical school. We can get basic computer skills for our future specialty there. We study some applications: Word 7.0, Excel 7.0, NetWare and others. At our computer lessons we print texts, draw graphs and electronic tables, create databases, translate texts, create new files and prepare projects. Our students like computer lessons very much because computers can do many lessons more interesting and convincing. 

Today computers can store huge amount of information on magnetic media and any item of this information can be obtained in a few milliseconds and displayed or printed for the user. We all use PCs to make our life easier. 

Vocabulary:

Задание 27.2. Выберите подходящие заголовки для текстов.

a.Computers in education

b.Computers in research

c.The robot

d.Computers in art

e.Computers in manufacturing
Задание 27.3. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What has changed our lives for the better?

2. Where do we use PCs?

3. Name a mechanical device?

4. Do computers help in the building of spacecraft?

5. Why do our students like computer lessons ?

6. Where can computers store huge amount of information? 
Задание 27.4 Какие из этих предложение являются верными, а какие нет. Исправьте неправильные предложения.

1. Without computers it would be impossible for engineers to perform the enormous number of calculations. 

2. Architectural and civil engineers can’t design complicated bridges

and other structures with the help of computers. 

3. Computers have not been of tremendous help to researchers in the biological, physical and social sciences.

4. Computer is the universal tool which isn’t capable to help everyone. 

5. One robot can change two workers at the plant. 

6. Computers can be used to compose music, write poems and produce drawings and paintings. 

7. Today, computers are big, slow and can store little information on magnetic media.
Домашнее задание: Подготовить сообщение
Практическое занятие № 28.

Тема: Согласование времен и косвенная речь.

Цель: Развитие лексико-грамматических навыков говорения

Основные теоретический положения