Учебник уровень в 1 Под редакцией старшего преподавателя А. М. Мальцевой Издательство «мгимо-университет»
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TEXT 1 Translate the article into Russian orally. Will the U.S. See a Major Manufacturing Revival? There are considerable opportunities for a U.S. revival, particularly in advanced industries such as chemicals, automobiles and aerospace. Three core drivers will enable the expansion of U.S. manufacturing. First, the cost of some key inputs is falling, for instance, the shale-gas boom that has reduced U.S. natural-gas prices by two-thirds since 2008. This is making the country more competitive for gas-intensive industries such as petrochemicals and fertilizers. Second, major sectors such as aerospace and automobiles will see additional exports on the back of surging demand from Asia and the Middle East (e.g. commercial aircraft fleets globally are expected to double in size by 2025). Finally and most importantly, technological innovation (e.g. digitization, data analytics, advanced automation, Internet of things and additive manufacturing) is transforming the landscape for manufacturing. The U.S., given its historical advantage in technology adoption, should be well positioned to benefit from this disruption, provided that it can maintain a strong talent base and innovation pipeline. The Wall Street Journal, July 3rd, 2014 NOTES
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TEXT 2 Translate the article into Russian orally. U.K. to End 300 Years of Deep Coal Mining as Prices Slump Britain plans to close its last deep coal mine in December, spelling the death of an industry that’s kept the nation’s economy humming since the Industrial Revolution. The U.K.’s last deep underground mine, located at Kellingley in northern England, will shut around Dec. 15, U.K. Coal Holdings Ltd. said in a statement. The company’s Thoresby mine ceases production on Friday. The closing will mark the nation’s exit from an industry that employed more than a million workers at 3,000 pits a century ago. Since 2000, U.K. power generators Electricite de France SA to RWE AG bought more of the fuel from abroad, where coal from Australia to Colombia is cheaper, according to the Federation of U.K. Coal Producers. European prices slumped to an eight-year low in April. The U.K. had three operating deep mines through the end of June. A pit at Hatfield in northern England shut June 30 after failing to get additional government funding. Deep pits accounted for 38% of the U.K.’s coal output in April, with surface mines making up the rest, Department of Energy data showed. Britain imported 1.9 million metric tons of the solid fuel in April, compared with domestic production of 757,000 tons, according to the Department of Energy. Purchases from abroad covered a record 84% of total consumption in 2014, compared with 21 percent in 1995. Worldwide coal prices tumbled as growth in supply continues to outpace demand. The world’s five largest exporters, including Australia, Colombia and Russia, trimmed shipments by 5.5% to 218 million tons in the second quarter from the same quarter a year earlier, while purchases by the eight largest importers dropped 6.5% to 150 million tons in the same period, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. BloombergBusinessweek, July 10th, 2015 USEFUL TERMS AND EXPRESSIONS
TEXT 3 Translate the article into Russian orally. What's going on in UK manufacturing? Manufacturing accounts for about 10% of the output of the UK economy. The rest of the production industries: mining, quarrying, gas, electricity, water and sewage account for another 5%. The service sector accounts for 79%, while construction makes up the final 6%. In the last decade, manufacturing grew gradually from 2005 to 2008, at which point it took a dive in the financial crisis in common with the rest of the economy. It recovered from 2010 until the start of 2012 and has been pretty volatile since then. The sector is still below its pre-crisis peaks, unlike the service sector, which is well above its pre-crisis level. Foreign investment plays a big role in UK manufacturing. There are lots of things about the UK that make it an attractive destination for foreign companies looking to acquire other businesses or expand overseas. It has relatively low corporation tax and a flexible labour market, which makes it easier to expand and contract a business as is necessary. But in recent years there has been a big challenge for foreign investors: the strength of sterling. A strong pound makes investing in the UK more expensive for foreign companies and it makes their products more expensive to export once they have been made. Many parts of the UK manufacturing sector have struggled to compete with lower-cost economies in Asia. When big manufacturers shed jobs, many tend to go at once, often in parts of the country with relatively few alternative employers. Industry bosses and unions say that the UK manufacturing sector could be stronger if the government was as much of a friend to industry as the governments of other EU members such as Germany and France. "It is important that manufacturing exporters, in particular, get the support they need as they face significant challenges," says David Kern, chief economist at the British Chambers of Commerce. But there was one piece of good news for the sector in recent trade figures, which suggested an unexpectedly strong improvement in exports of goods and services, despite the strong pound. http://www.bbc.com/news/business-34463597б, October 20th, 2015 USEFUL TERMS AND EXPRESSIONS
TEXT 4 Translate the article into Russian orally. US manufacturing: How did Indiana power a revival? For many Americans, there are two places that serve as symbols of the decline of US manufacturing: Detroit's hollowed out car plants, and vacant steel mills in Gary, Indiana. For decades now, these two cities - and the surrounding states that collectively make up the "rust belt" - have been aching reminders of industry's decline, and of the devastating impact that outsourcing and globalisation wreaked on those living and working in manufacturing in the heart of the US. Yet over the past five years, a curious thing has been happening in one of those rusty states: Indiana. The reality is that beyond Gary, manufacturing never really left Indiana - which first saw its fortunes rise during the turn of the 20th century, when the state's young men who had previously been subsistence farmers suddenly found themselves on hard times as agriculture became more mechanised. Manufacturers recognised that Indiana had an able and willing workforce and set up across the state, building mostly small and medium factories that primarily served US car manufacturers. Now, manufacturing makes up an astounding 30% of the state's economic output - compared to 12% of overall US gross domestic product (GDP) - and produces almost everything from cars and motor homes to pharmaceuticals and biomedical devices. When indirect and induced jobs (that is, the retailers that choose to open up in a town to cater for manufacturing workers) are factored in, nearly two-thirds of the state's economic activity is due to manufacturing. Industry participants express concern that a coming wave of retirements could impact the workforce, as nearly 40% of the state's current manufacturing employees are expected to retire in the next few years. That's why politicians, companies, and local schools are investing in educating yet another wave of potential employees - to ensure that an industry that has powered the state since those agricultural days continues to provide an economic engine. http://www.bbc.com/news/business-32925294, June 4th, 2015 NOTES “rust belt” - a slang term for a geographic region in the United States stretching from New York through the Midwest that was once involved in steel production and manufacturing – «ржавый пояс» USEFUL TERMS AND EXPRESSIONS
TEXT 5 Translate the article into Russian orally. China services sector key to growth Banking, tutoring and healthcare are the holy grail both for China’s policymakers and its international investors. As Beijing looks to services to rev up slowing economic growth, private equity and others are buying into hospitals, English schools and consumer lenders. Property sales and factory construction are slowing but people in China are eagerly availing themselves of healthcare, tutoring and movie tickets. Beijing’s slow-burning bid to rebalance the economy towards consumption has received a boost from services, which account for 51% of GDP, up from 44% in 2011. The economy is on track for its weakest full-year growth in a quarter of a century. Without rapid expansion in financial services, education and healthcare, among other services, the overall slowdown would have been much worse. While financial services moderated in the third quarter, overall services growth accelerated from 8.3% in the first half to 8.6% in the third quarter, well above the 6.9% growth of the broader economy. The fastest growth came from “other” services, a broad category that includes healthcare, education, entertainment and culture, science and research, business services and utilities — fully 20% of the economy. Foreign investors are betting the services growth story is real. Domestic companies are also positioning themselves to target the service sector. Dalian Wanda Group, parent of China’s largest commercial property developer, is branching out into theme parks, online retail and financial services. Services are also key to Beijing’s goal of reducing reliance on debt-fueled investment and generating more growth from consumption. Li-Gang Liu, China economist at Australia and New Zealand Bank, estimates that services account for about 30% of China’s consumer price index, which aims to reflect the typical consumer’s spending patterns. The Financial Times, December 6th, 2015 NOTES
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