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CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES (5)
30. Translate into Russian. 1. I wish Sarah helped us with the annual report. 2. I wish I hadn’t shown my fear. 3. I wish you wouldn’t make such a fuss about trifles. 4. I wish I was going on holiday with you. 5. Kate wished she had admitted her mistake without arguing. 6. I wish you would stop making so much noise late at night. 7. I wish I hadn’t overheard their conversation. 8. I wish I didn’t have to work overtime tonight. 9. Jack wished his wife wouldn’t complain all the time. 10. Everyone wished they had listened more carefully to the lecture. 31. Paraphrase as in the model using wish. Model: – It’s a pity I can’t go to the concert tonight. I have to babysit. – I wish I could go to the concert tonight. 1. I haven’t made many friends here. 2. It’s a shame we missed the beginning of the performance. 3. Stop crying! It won’t do you any good. 4. Steve needs a new computer, but he cannot afford to buy one at the moment. 5. Liza is very upset because she wasn’t invited to the party. 6. I would like to be lying on the beach now instead of sweating in the office. 7. It’s a shame you didn’t manage to attend the conference. 8. It’s a pity I failed the driving test.
Cross-cultural Notes: 1. Oxford and Cambridge [‘keImbrIdG] – the two oldest and most respected universities in the UK. They are considered to give a very high standard of education, and are known to be difficult places for students to be accepted to study in. Oxbridge graduates often become powerful and successful members of British society, and many of the leading people in professions such as law, politics, and the Civil Service have traditionally been Oxbridge-educated. / don – a university teacher, especially at Cambridge and Oxford. 2. Amherst [‘WmRst] College – private, independent, elite liberal-arts college for men and women in Amherst, Massachusetts, U.S., established in 1821. 3. Miguel de Cervantes [mIg’weldRsR(r)’vWnti:z] (1547-1616) – a Spanish writer, best known for his novel “Don Quixote” [LdOn’kwIksRt / LdonkI’hRutI], one of the most important works of European literature. Phonetic Notes:
* * * The name – Cambridge School of Languages – conjures images of Anglo-Saxon aristocrats conversing in the Queen’s English. But this Cambridge is composed of a few rooms with rickety chairs at the edge of a Delhi suburb. It’s rival is not Oxford but the nearby Euro Languages School, where a three-month English course costs $16. The professors back in Cambridge, England, would no doubt question the schools’ pedagogy. There are few books or tapes. Their teachers pronounce “we” as “ve” and “primary” as “primmry”. And yet such storefront shops aren’t merely the ragged edge of the massive English learning industry, which in India alone is a $100 million-per-year business. They are the front lines of a global revolution in which hundreds of millions of people are learning English, the planet’s language for commerce, technology – and, increasingly, empowerment. Within a decade, 2 billion people will be studying English and about half the world – some 3 billion people will speak it, according to a recent report from the British Council. And governments from Tunisia to Turkey are pushing English, recognizing that along with computers and mass migration, the language is the engine of globalization. Linguistically speaking, it’s a whole new world. Non-native speakers of English now outnumber native speakers 3 to 1, according to English language expert David Crystal, whose numerous books include English as a Global Language. “There’s never before been a language that’s been spoken by more people as a second than a first,” he says. In Asia alone, the number of English users has topped 350 million – roughly the combined populations of the United States, Britain and Canada. The new English speakers aren’t just passively absorbing the language – they are shaping it. New Englishes are mushrooming the globe over, ranging from “Englog,” spoken in the Philippines, to “Hinglish”, the mix of Hindi and English that now crops up everywhere from fast food ads to South-Asian college campuses. In South Africa, many Blacks have adopted their own version of English, laced with indigenous words, as a sign of freedom – in contrast to Afrikaans, the language of oppression. An Amherst College professor recently finished a translation of Cervantes’s “Don Quixote” into Spanglish, the English-Spanish hybrid spoken in the United States and Mexico. All languages are works in progress. But English’s globalization, unprecedented in the history of languages will revolutionize it in ways we can only begin to imagine. In the future, there could be a tri-English world, one in which you could speak a local English-based dialect at home, a national variety at work or school and international Standard English to talk to foreigners. With native speakers a shrinking minority of the world’s Anglophones, there is a growing sense that students should stop trying to imitate Brighton or Boston English, and embrace their own local versions. Linguists ask why some Asians, who have trouble pronouncing the “th” sound, should spend hours trying to say “thing” instead of “sing” or “ting”. International pilots, they point out, already pronounce the word “three” as “tree” in radio dispatches, since “tree” is more widely comprehensible. Indeed, English has become the common linguistic denominator. Whether you’re a Korean executive on business in Shanghai, a German Eurocrat hammering out laws in Brussels or a Brazilian biochemist at a conference in Sweden, you’re probably speaking English. And as the world adopts an international brand of English, it’s native speakers who have the most to lose. Cambridge dons who insist on speaking the Queen’s English could be met with giggles – or blank stares. To achieve fluency, non-native speakers are learning English at an ever-younger age. The demand for native English-speakers is so huge that China and the Middle East are starting to import English teachers from India. Despite all the new Englishes cropping up, it’s the American and British versions that still carry prestige. “Owning English is very big business.” The average price for a four-day business-English course in London for a French executive runs 2,240 euro. To see big business in action, one need only walk down London’s busy Oxford Street, where ads offer instant access to the language of success: DOES YOUR ENGLISH EMBARRASS YOU? BUSINESS ENGLISH FOR BEGINNERS; LEARN ENGLISH IN JUST 10 WEEKS! Above clothing stores, English-language schools are packed with eager twenty-somethings from around the world. Why such enthusiasm? In a word, jobs. A generation ago, only elites like diplomats and CEOs needed English for work. Today, at the new Toyota and Peugeot plant in the Czech Republic, English is the working language of the Japanese, French and Czech staff. Technology also plays a huge role in English’s global triumph. Eighty percent of the electronically stored information in the world is in English; 66 percent of the world’s scientists read in it. “It’s very important to learn English because computer books are only in English,” says an Uruguayan IT student learning English in London. In countries like Germany the market for English studies is already shrinking. Most kids begin English as early as the second or third grade and language schools no longer target English beginners but those pursuing more-expert niches: business English, phone manners or English for presentations. Beginning-English classes are filled with immigrants eager to catch up with the natives. As with migrants the world over, they’re finding that their newfound land is an English-speaking one.
32. Paraphrase, translate or explain. paraphrase: The name – Cambridge School of Languages – conjures images of Anglo-Saxon aristocrats conversing in the Queen’s English. explain: And yet such storefront shops aren’t merely the ragged edge of the massive English learning industry... paraphrase: And governments from Tunisia to Turkey are pushing English... translate: If you can’t speak English, it’s like you are deaf and dumb. paraphrase: Linguistically speaking, it’s a whole new world. explain: There’s never before been a language that’s been spoken by more people as a second than a first. paraphrase: ... the number of English users has topped 350 million... paraphrase: New Englishes are mushrooming the globe over... to “Hinglish”, the mix of Hindi and English that now crops up everywhere... translate: In South Africa, many Blacks have adopted their own version of English, laced with indigenous words, as a sign of freedom – in contrast to Afrikaans, the language of oppression. explain: All languages are works in progress. paraphrase: ... a German Eurocrat hammering out laws in Brussels... explain: Owning English is very big business. translate: To see big business in action, one need only walk down London’s busy Oxford Street, where ads offer instant access to the language of success... paraphrase: In countries like Germany the market for English studies is already shrinking. translate: ... language schools no longer target English beginners but those pursuing more-expert niches... 33. Answer the teacher’s questions. HOME ACTIVITIES (5) 34. Translate into English. 1. Если бы не острая конкуренция, ни одна из двух компаний не смогла бы предложить такой высокий уровень обслуживания. 2. Мы бы могли рассказать ему все подробности происшествия вчера, если бы он не был так раздражен. 3. Известно, что эта лаборатория уже несколько десятилетий находится на передовом рубеже генной инженерии. 4. Деревья впитывают воду и питательные вещества (nutrients) почвы. 5. Если бы Фрэнк не был так поглощен работой, он бы заметил, что происходит в его семье. 6. По ряду причин я настаиваю на том, чтобы ты прочел роман в оригинале, а не его краткий вариант. 7. Жаль, что вы чувствовали себя так скованно на встрече. Вы могли бы привлечь общественное внимание к этой насущной проблеме. 8. Если бы не наши нынешние финансовые затруднения, фирма приняла бы участие в этой выставке. Известно, что участие в подобных мероприятиях очень престижно для развивающихся компаний. 35. Get ready to retell Text 1. CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES (6)
36. Paraphrase and develop the situation. Model: – Frieda felt sick and missed the performance.
1. Paula wants a Persian cat but she is allergic to cats. 2. Donna works full-time and she can’t spend enough time with her children. 3. Harry feels like going out tonight but he hasn’t got enough money. 4. I didn’t watch the news so I didn’t know the airport was closed. 5. Joe would like to go on a sea voyage but he feels sea-sick on board. 6. Gabriel would like to make Greek salad but she hasn’t got any olive oil left. 7. Frank is not a CEO so he doesn’t have a separate office. 8. I damaged the printer because I didn’t know how to connect it properly. 37. Open the brackets using the proper forms of the verbs. Dear Mum, I feel really frustrated! I wish I ____________________ (1 – not / to take) this job. If only I _____________________ (2 – to give) it more thought before I made the decision to accept that job offer. I wish the people here ___________________ (3 – to be) more friendly – that would help me fit in. If only I ________________________ (4 – to have) longer breaks. Staring at a computer screen all day is tiring and boring. Sometimes I find myself wishing it ____________________ (5 – to explode)! I wish my senior _______________________ (6 – to give) me something interesting to do. I wish there __________________ (7 – to be) someone here I could talk to but I haven’t made any friends. If only I ____________________ (8 – modal / to make) some, but it’s very difficult. I wish I ____________________ (9 – modal / to see) you more often. Please write. I miss you. Love, Bitsy.
38. Paraphrase using the active vocabulary of the unit. 1. On Sally’s wedding day the old church was full of friends and relations. 2. Ben had to go back to work – something had suddenly happened there. 3. The teaching profession is no longer as popular and sought after as it was in the former times. 4. He stressed that it was necessary to follow the directions. 5. I’ve never felt so ill at ease in my entire life. 6. They sat in uncomfortable silence. 7. The word ‘culture’ covers both artistic and sociological aspects of a society. 8. We had to learn and remember a lot of new information very quickly. 9. A frog cannot drink, it takes in all the liquid it needs through its skin. 10. Ignore him, he is tired and nervous from all his business worries. 11. We bought the same computer for less money from one of their competitors. 12. There is cut-throat competition between software companies these days. 39. Complete and add a sentence logically connected. 1. I always get really embarrassed when ... 2. Alice seemed to be embarrassed when... 3. Though these models are at the cutting edge of computer design... 4. According to Reuters, the recent ... 5. In accordance with the agreement... 6. Why do you insist on her... 7. To our surprise, their rivalry resulted ... 8. We insisted that ... 9. I’d like to point out that... 10. The professions that carry prestige now... 11. Although the concert hall was packed... 12. It is no small accident that... 13. Theologians claim that the legendary Tower of Babel... 14. According to the Bible, it was divine intervention that... 15. I have never been able to picture myself... 16. If for one reason or other I had to learn three more languages... 40. a) Complete the sentences with the words and word combinations from the box. Learn the words and word combinations from the box.
A question of languageBastian Petter is ____________________ (1) and sociologist for a youth service in a Brussels suburb that organizes workshops, _______________ (2) and activities. He is _______________ (3) with about 180 families in the area, mostly of immigrant origin, and has found that one obstacle for immigrant children is an early ___________ _______________ (4) from growing up in a home speaking a foreign language. “There is no doubt that parents’ ________________ (5) affect their children’s schooling,” he says. Petter tells the story of a Chechen-born girl who lived in Belgium for almost five years before starting primary school. After the first year, she was ___________________ (6) mathematics, history and geography. “When I sat down with her, she could do all the exercises _______________ (7). She just couldn’t do the oral work,” he says. “It turned out that because she didn’t speak French at home, she couldn’t always _______________ (8) with the teachers. The parents understood immediately – after the girl had interpreted for me. A month of intensive French and an effort to watch television seems to have solved the problem.” But ________________ (9) might already have been done. The parents still can’t help her with homework and she may carry ___________________________ (10) with her through school. “Apart from not getting help at home, she’s already ______________ (11) a year and that can affect her ________________ (12),” says Petter. When these children reach secondary school, the system often pushes them towards ___________________ (13) because their difficulties suggest poor abilities. “It almost _______________ (14) their future,” says Petter. “Not only are they likely _______________ (15) in lower-paid jobs, but they can feel hard done by and that they’ve failed.” b) Complete the sentences: 1. If immigrant children spoke French at home... 2. But for their parents’ backgrounds ... 3. Had the Chechen girl been fluent in French... 4. If her parents had realized that their daughter had language difficulties at school... 5. If... it might have solved some of her problems with the language. 6. If her parents spoke French... 7. Had she ... it wouldn’t have affected her self-esteem. 8. Immigrant children wouldn’t be pushed towards vocational studies if... 9. They wouldn’t be regarded as having poor abilities if... 10. If ... they wouldn’t end up in low-paid jobs. c). Make a chain story based on the text using conditional clauses. HOME ACTIVITIES (6) 41. Translate into English. 1. Оратор отметил, что в последнее время возникли такие варианты английского языка как “хинглиш”, “спэнглиш” и другие. Подобные явления объясняются рядом социокультурных, политических и экономических причин. 2. Согласно утверждению Дэвида Кристала, английский язык уже давно приобрел международный статус и превратился в глобальный. 3. В соответствии с законом, в Финляндии существуют два государственный языка – финский и шведский. Несмотря на это, большинство жителей страны хорошо владеют английским – языком международного общения. 4. Зал был заполнен хорошо одетыми людьми, с нетерпением ожидавшими начала эстрадного концерта. 5. Язык является неотъемлемой частью культуры, которая включает в себя не только литературу и искусство, но и систему ценностей, норм поведения, верований, отношений, которые свойственны всем членам этноса (ethnos). 42. Read the text Poshos and get ready to answer the questions.
Cross-cultural Notes:
Poshos (From The Queen and I by Sue Townsend. Abridged.) The Queen looked at Number Nine Hellebore Close and shuddered. The street sign at the entrance to the Close had lost five black metal letters. HELL CLOSE it now said. The Queen thought, “Yes, it is Hell, it must be, because I’ve never seen anything like it in the whole of my life.” She had visited many council estates – had opened community centres, had driven through the cheering crowds, alighted from the car, walked on red carpets, been greeted by tongue-tied dignitaries, pulled a cord, signed the visitors’ book. Then, carpet, car, drive to helicopter and up, up and away. She’d seen the odd documentary on BBC2 about urban poverty, heard unattractive poor people talk in broken sentences about their dreadful lives, but she’d regarded such programmes as sociological curiosities so far away that it didn’t really matter. It stank. Somebody in the Close was burning car tyres. Not one house in the Close had its full complement of windows. Gardens were full of rubbish, black plastic bags had been split by dogs, televisions flickered and blared. A man lay under a wreck of a car which was jacked up on bricks. Other men squatted close by, aiming torches and watching, men with outdated haircuts and tatoos, their cigarettes cupped in their hands. A woman in white stilettos ran down the road after a boy toddler, naked apart from his vest. ‘Now gerrin’ and stay in,’ she screamed. ‘’Oo left the bleedin’ door open?’ she demanded of other, unseen children. The Queen was reminded of the stories that Crawfie would tell her in the nursery. Of goblins and witches, of strange lands populated by sinister people. The Queen would beg her governess to stop, but she never would. The Queen thought, Crawfie knew. She knew. She was preparing me for Hell Close. * * * The Threadgolds watched as a shadowy figure ordered a tall man out of the van. Was she a foreigner? It wasn’t English she was talking, was it? But as their ears became more accustomed they realized it was English, but posh English, really posh. ‘Tone, why they moved a posho in Hell Close?’ asked Beverley. ‘Dunno,’ replied Tony. ‘Seen her somewhere before. Is she Dr. Khan’s receptionist?’ ‘No,’ said Beverley, ‘definitely not.’ ‘Christ, just our bleedin’ luck to have poshos nex’ door.’ Prince Philip stared speechlessly at Number Nine. A street light flickered into life, casting a theatrical glow over his dilapidated future home. The driver let down the ramp at the back of the van and went inside. He’d never seen such lovely stuff – not in twenty-one years of removals. The dog in the cage at the back started to growl. ‘They’ve got a dog,’ said Tony. ‘So long as they keep it under control,’ said Beverley. Tony squeezed his wife’s shoulder. She was a good kid, he thought. Tolerant like. Prince Philip spoke. ‘It’s abso-bloody-lutely impossible. I refuse. I’d sooner live in a bloody ditch. And that bloody light will send me mad.’ He shouted up at the light, then took hold of its post and shook it violently from side to side. Beverley said, ‘I got it. He’s a loony, one of them that’s been let out to die in the community.’ ‘You might be right, Bev,’ said Tony. They turned to go back into their house when the Queen addressed them. ‘Excuse me, but would you have an axe I could borrow?’ ‘An ix?’ repeated Tony. ‘Yes, an axe.’ The Queen came to their front gate. ‘I dunno what an ix is,’ Tony said. ‘You don’t know what an axe is? One uses it for chopping wood.’ The Queen was growing impatient. She had made a simple request; her new neighbours were obviously morons. She was aware that educational standards had fallen, but not to know what an axe was... It was a scandal. ‘I need an implement of some kind to gain access to my house.’ ‘Arse?’ ‘House!’ The driver volunteered his services as translator. His hours talking to the Queen had given him a new found linguistic confidence. ‘This lady wants to know if you’ve got an axe.’ ‘Yeah, I got an axe, but I ain’t ‘anding it over to ‘im,’ said Tony, pointing at Philip. The Queen came down the garden path towards the Threadgolds and the light from their hall illuminated her face. Beverley gasped and curtsied clumsily. Tony reeled back and clutched the lintel of the front door for support before saying, ‘I’ll geddit.’ Left alone, Beverley burst into tears. ‘It was the shock,’ she said later as she and Tony lay in bed unable to sleep. ‘I mean, who would believe it? I still don’t believe it, Tone.’ ‘Nor do I, Bev. I mean, the Queen next door. We’ll put in for a transfer, eh?’ Slightly comforted, Beverley went to sleep. * * * 1. How does the Queen’s previous social experience contribute to the understanding of her feelings? Why did she identifyd Hellebore Close with Hell? What made her remember her governess and Crawfie’s scary stories? 2. Why didn’t the Threadgolds recognize the Queen and Prince Philip? What made the Threadgolds suspect that the new neighbour was a foreigner? What did Tony suspect the Queen to be? Why were the Threadgolds displeased with the prospect of having ‘poshos’ as next door neighbours? What did Tony and Beverley imply when they commented on the new neighbours having a dog? 3. What made Beverley take Prince Philip for a looney? Why did she refuse to give him the axe? Why did Prince Philip act that way? 4. What difficulty did the Queen have getting an axe? What made her remember the falling educational standards? 5. What did the Threadgolds feel like when they recognized members of the royal family in their new neighbours? Why did Beverley feel comforted on hearing that they would put in for a transfer? |
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