Учебно-методическое пособие по разделу «Профессиональный модуль» курса «Английский язык» по специальности140448 «Техническая эксплуатация и обслуживание электрического и электромеханического оборудования (по отраслям)» Номинация
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Текст№ 11 Translate the text. What is electricity? Have you ever gotten a shock when you touched a doorknob, or seen sparks fly when you combed your hair? That's electricity. Electricity is a type of energy that gives things the power to work. This energy comes from electrons. Scientists have learned how to use electrons to produce electricity. Meghometer The most commonly used apparatus for insulation resistance is the meghommeter or "megger". The device is easy to handle. It consists of a hand-driven generator in a permanent magnet frame which causes a moving coil to register the insulation resistance in ohms or megohms, the amount of which is indicated by a pointer. The "megger" is also used for continuity, ground, and short-circuit testing in general electrical power work. Electricity- Sound and Light Flip a switch and a light goes on. It's simple, right? Wrong! Every time you flip a light switch, you make billions of little electrons go to work for you. Uncountable hours of work have gone into providing you with the electricity you need to turn that light on. Without electricity you wouldn't have telephones, television, video games, and many other things you use every day. II. Write out from the text the sentences with verbs in the form of the Participle or the Gerund or the Subjunctive mood. III.Translatethetext. Техника безопасности: Чтобы обезопасить себя от воздействия электричества, принято работать в резиновых перчатках или стоять на резиновом коврике. Электрики (как, впрочем, и не электрики) берутся починить розетку или другой электрический прибор, не отключая ток. В таком случае они обязаны выполнять только одно правило: не замыкать собой электрическую цепь. Поэтому они не должны касаться каких-нибудь проводников электричества, а также обоих контактов электрического провода одновременно. IV. Fill in the blanks with the articles a, an, the and prepositions, where necessary: We live in ... nice flat ... new house near ... park. ... flat is on ... second floor. There are ... two rooms in it. We have also ... kitchen and ... bathroom ... kitchen is ... big enough. As ... rule, my mother cooks for us. We spend ... lot of ... time together in ... kitchen. There is ... TV set in ... corner of ... kitchen, and we often watch ... TV there The young scientist shook hands ... his friends who had come ... the airport to see him ... V. Fill in blanks with the Past Progressive or the Past Simple Tense of the verbs in margin. 1. I ... a letter to my friend yesterday .write 2. We ... to a lecture yesterday at ten o'clock. listen 3. She ... the piano from 11 till 12 o'clock. play 4. When he ... in, I ... my exercises. come, do 5. What ... you yesterday at 8 o'clock? do 6. Yesterday when I ... the newspaper, my sister ... to a concert over the radio. read, listen 7. She ... out of the window when I ... her. look, see VI. Choose the correct word form those given in brackets: 1 .When I saw that actress on the stage for the first time, she (to look like, to take after) a small girl. From her biography I learnt that she (to look like, to take after) her mother, who had also been a great actress. 2. If you want some information on trade, go to the Ministry library. There are a lot of good (magazines, journals) on the subject there. 3. After coming home from work, my father likes to spend an hour reading (a newspaper, a magazine). Текст№ 12 Translate the text. How electrical energy is produced There are several methods of producing electricity for practical purposes. The battery of a pocket torch may be contrasted with the source of enormous energy represented by a larger power station. Both are examples of the application of electrical energy to a particular purpose, and in general the purpose determines the nature of the method used to produce the energy. Practical methods of producing electricity may be enumerated as follows: 1. Chemical, as represented by the various types of batteries or primary cells in which the electricity is produced by purely chemical actions. 2. Electromagnetic, forming the basis of operation of rotating generators in which the electricity is produced by conductors moving through a magnetic field.This is the method employed in practice for generators of various sizes. 3. Thermo-electric, in which the heating of the junction between two different metals produces a very small voltage which may be used for purposes of temperature measurement and as a source of power. 4. Piezo- electric, in which a very small voltage is produced across certain faces of a crystal by application of mechanical pressure. This effect is used, for example, as a means of frequency control in radio oscillators or for gramophone pick-ups, but it is not suitable for power supply. 5. Electronic, characterized by the flow of electrons through evacuated or gas-filled tubes, and having the following forms: a) thermionic emission, in which the electrons are produced by the heating of special materials; b) photo- electric emission, in which electrons are liberated at the surface of certain substances by the action of light; c) secondary emission, in which electrons are driven from a material by the impact of electrons or other particles on its surface; d) Field emission, in which electrons are drawn from the surface of a metal by the application of very powerful electric fields. II. Write out from the text the sentences with verbs in the form of the Participle or the Gerund or the Subjunctive mood. III. Translatethetext. Техника безопасности: Бытовые приборы, имеющие защиту от воздействия влаги, имеют специальную маркировку, однако это вовсе не значит, что не следует быть внимательным. Всегда помните о том, что сочетание воды и электричества очень опасно. IV. Fill in the blanks with prepositions and adverbial particles where necessary: 1 .Instead ... buying something ... everyday wear, as she had first intended, Mary bought a ... sleeveless dress... better waer.2. I don't advise you to buy this pair ... shoes. I am afraid they’ll soon wear... .3. I wonder why the water has set the table ... two persons instead ... three. 4. Speaking at the production meeting, the director ... the factory pointed ... that each ... the workers and engineers was responsible ... carrying ... the plan. V. Use the Past Indefinite or the Past Perfect. They (to complete) all the preparation for the fancy-dress ball by 5 o'clock. On leaving the hospital the man (to thank) the doctor who (to cure) him of his disease. In the morning all the passengers (to feel) good after the night they (to spend) in the comfortable sleeper. During my last visit to the picture gallery I (to find) that I no longer (to like) the pictures which (to impress) me when I first (to see) them. Evidently my taste (to change). Last night he (complete) the experiment which he (to begin) some months before. They (to be) friends for some ten years before I (to meet) them. No sooner she (to open) the drawer than she (to find) the photo which she (to think) she (to lose) long before. VI. Change the verbs in bracket by Gerunds. Put prepositions where necessary. I have no intention ... (to stay) here any longer. She insisted ... (to help) me. Are you fond of ... (to play). They have had very much experience ... (to cast). There was no possibility ... (to come) in time. There is little chance ... (to see) him today. We have the pleasure ... (to invite) them to the evening party. I think ... (to go) to the South in summer. We are proud ... (to fulfill) that task ahead of time. They had not any difficulty ... (to get) new machines. Текст№13 Translate the text. Direct current generations and their applications The Essential difference between a d.c. generator and a. c. generator is that the former has a commutator by means of which the generated e. m. f. is made continuous, i. е., the commutator mechanically rectifies the alternating e. m. f. so that it is always of the same polarity. This is not, however, the only difference between them. A d.c. generator as well as a motor of conventional type is made up of the following parts: outer frame, or yoke, pole cores, pole coils, armature windings, commutator, bruches, and bearings. Of these, the yoke, pole cores, armature core and the air gap between armature and pole core form the magnetic circuit while the pole coils, armature windings, commutator, and brushes form the electric circuit. Generator fields may be either of two main types-separately excited or self- excited. The self-excited type is further, classified as series-wound, shunt-wound and compound-wound. In general practice compound-wound machines are used. II. Write out from the text the sentences with verbs in the form of the Participle or the Gerund or the Subjunctive mood. III. Translatethetext. Величина электрического тока (количество переносимого заряда) измеряется в амперах. Напряжение, т. е. разность потенциалов, которая заставляет течь ток (ЭДС – электродвижущая сила), измеряется в вольтах. IV. Fill in the blanks with the articles a, an, the and prepositions, where necessary. When Mary was to open a meeting ... the first time ... her life, her voice shook ... excitement. The young scientist shook hands ... his friends who had come ... the airport to see him ... . I wonder why Bob is such an ill-natured boy. It's a pity he takes ... his mother only ... appearance! Ask Kate to join ... our party. She looks serious, but I know she is very gay ... nature and is fond of ... singing and dancing. V. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct voice and tense-forms: 1. Don't let the boy stay out so long. He (to run about) for three hours, and may catch cold. 2. That young singer has had very good training. He (to sing) for half an hour and never (to stop) for a moment to rest. 3. It is unfair of you to be so cross with the man. He (to be) away for two weeks and you can't blame him for few mistakes that (to make) during his absence. VI. Use the Future Perfect where possible: I hope that they (to receive) my letter by Saturday and (not to expect) me on Sunday. Let me know as soon as you can (to make) an appointment with him. After the clerk (to decode) the telegrams he (to take) them to the chief. The secretary (to look through) all the papers by the time the director (to come). Do not start arguing until you (to hear) what I have to say. I suppose that when my letter (to reach) you, you (to return) from your voyage. If you do not hurry, the train (to leave). Текст№14 Translate the text. Industrial application of D.C. generators. D.C. generators are used for electrolytic processes such as electroplating. We know that large d.c. generators are employed in certain manufacturing processes, such as steel making. The d.c. generator of small capacities is used for various special purposes such as arc welding, automobile generators, train lighting systems, etc. It also finds rather extensive use in connection with communication systems. For supplying direct-current power networks, the supply comes first from an alternating-current source and is converted to direct current by synchronous convenors or motor-generator sets. II. Write out from the text the sentences with verbs in the form of the Participle or the Gerund or the Subjunctive mood. III.а) Find in the text English equivalents: -производство стали -малых мощностей - дуговая сварка -силовые сети постоянного тока - энергия поступает b) Translatethetext. Атомы любого вещества располагаются на некотором расстоянии друг от друга. В металлах расстояния между атомами настолько малы, что электронные оболочки практически соприкасаются. Это дает возможность электронам свободно блуждать от ядра к ядру, создавая при этом электрический ток, поэтому металлы, а также некоторые другие вещества являются проводниками электричества. IV.Fill in the blanks with the articles a, an, the and prepositions, where necessary: We live in ... nice flat...new house near … park. ... flat is on ... second floor. There are ... two rooms in it. We have also ... kitchen and ... bathroom, kitchen is... big enough. As ... rule, my mother cooks for us. We spend ... lot of...time together in … kitchen. There is...TV set in ... corner of ... kitchen, and we often watch ... TV there. V. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct voice and tense-forms: I not (write) this letter now. I (write) it in some days. Peter and Ann (go) away five minutes ago. She already (answer) the letter. I (not see) him for three years. You (switch off) the light before you left the house? I (not meet) him last week. I read these books when I was at school. I (like) them very much. He (not smoke) for a month. He is trying to give it up. VI. Fill in the blanks with prepositions and adverbial particles where necessary: 1. Instead ... buying something ... everyday wear, as she had first intended, Mary bought a ... sleeveless dress ... better wear. 2. I don't advise you to buy this pair...shoes. I am afraid they'll soon wear ... 3. I wonder why the water has set the table ... two persons instead ... three. 4. Speaking at the production meeting, the director … the factory pointed ... that each ... the workers and engineers was responsible ... carrying ... the plan. Текст№ 15 Translate the text: The compound motor The features of the shunt and series type of motors may be combined in one machine by providing both series and shunt windings for the field. This arrangement gives the compound motor. There are two windings on each field pole; a heavy or series winding for carrying the armature current, and a shunt winding connected to the supply. Each winding is formed by the series connection of the corresponding coils, and the fields due to the respective windings aid each other. Speed control of a compound motor may be obtained by means of resistance in the field or armature circuit, as in the case of the shunt motor. The compound motor may be regarded as having a higher starting torque than a shunt motor and a more constant speed under changing load conditions than the series motor. Either feature may be emphasized by varying the proportion of the total field strength due to each winding. II. Write out from the text the sentences with verbs in the form of the Participle or the Gerund or the Subjunctive mood. III. а) Find in the text English equivalents: - используя обмотки как последовательного, так и параллельного возбуждения для создания поля -соединенный с источником питания - регулировка числа оборотов b) Translatethetext: Вещества, которые имеют далеко расставленные атомы, электроны, прочно связанные с ядром, которые не могут свободно перемещаться. Такие вещества не являются проводниками и их принято называть диэлектриками, самым известным из которых является резина. Это и есть ответ на вопрос, почему электрические провода делают из металла. IV. Fill in the blanks with the articles a, an, the and prepositions, where necessary: 1. What ... fine day it is today! 2. ... History and Computer Science were ... my favorite subjects at ... school. 3.1 don't know ... way to ... station. 4. He is ... engineer by ... profession. 5. Usually I get up at ...7 o'clock in ...morning. 6. ...Rostov is on ... right bank of... Don. 7. Will you have ...cup ... of tea? 8. ...Warsaw is ... capital of Poland. 9. We shall go to ... cinema together with ... our friends. 10. This is ... book ... book is very interesting. 11. Do you see ... sun in ... sky today? V. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense-forms: He (know) several foreign languages. Our grandparents (live) now in Moscow. He often (visit) them last year. She (work) abroad next year. She (not like) loud music. What you (do) yesterday? His sister (go) to the seaside next July. V. Fill in the blanks with prepositions and adverbial particles where necessary: 1. Instead ... buying something ... everyday wear, as she had first intended, Mary bought a ... sleeveless dress ... better wear. 2. I don't advise you to buy this pair ... shoes. I am afraid they'll soon wear.... 3.1 wonder why the water has set the table ... two persons instead ... three. 4. Speaking at the production meeting, the director ... the factory pointed ... that each ... the workers and engineers was responsible ... carrying ... the plan. 5. She said that the new film was worth seeing, but there was such an expression ... her face that I thought she was saying it only ... fun. |
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