Учебно-методическое пособие по разделу «Профессиональный модуль» курса «Английский язык» по специальности140448 «Техническая эксплуатация и обслуживание электрического и электромеханического оборудования (по отраслям)» Номинация
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5. Критерии оценивания работы с текстом Оценка «5» ставится учащемуся, если он понял основное содержание оригинального текста, может выделить основную мысль, определить основные факты, умеет догадываться о значении незнакомых слов из контекста, либо по словообразовательным элементам, либо по сходству с родным языком. Скорость чтения иноязычного текста может быть несколько замедленной по сравнению с той, с которой ученик читает на родном языке.Степень усвоения технических терминов 100 % Оценка «4» ставится ученику, если он понял основное содержание оригинального текста, может выделить основную мысль, определить отдельные факты. Однако у него недостаточно развита языковая догадка, и он затрудняется в понимании некоторых незнакомых слов, он вынужден чаще обращаться к словарю, а темп чтения более замедленен. Степень усвоения технических терминов 70 % Оценка «3» ставится студенту, который не совсем точно понял основное содержание прочитанного, умеет выделить в тексте только небольшое количество фактов, совсем не развита языковая догадка. Степень усвоения технических терминов 50 % Оценка «2» выставляется ученику в том случае, если он не понял текст или понял содержание текста неправильно, не ориентируется в тексте при поиске определенных фактов, не умеет семантизировать незнакомую лексику. Технические термины не усвоил. 6. Тексты с послетекстовыми заданиями Текст№1 I. Translate the text. The nature of electricity The ancient Greeks knew that when a piece of amber is rubbed with wool or fur it achieves the power of attracting light objects. Later on the phenomenon was studied, and, the word electric, after the Greek word 'electron", meaning amber was used. Many scientists investigated electric phenomena, and during the nineteenth century many discoveries about the nature of electricity, and of magnetism, which is closely related to electricity, were made. It was found that if a sealing-wax rod is rubbed with a woolen cloth, and, a rod of glass is rubbed with a silken cloth; an electric spark will pass between the sealing-wax rod and the glass rod when they are brought near one another. Moreover, it was found that a force of attraction operates between them. An electrified sealing-wax is repelled, however, by a wax rod, and also an electrified glass rod is repelled, by a similar glass rod. The ideas were developed that there are two kinds of electricity, which were called resinous electricity, and that opposite kinds of electricity attract one another, whereas similar kinds repel one another. II. Write out from the text the sentences with verbs in the form of the Participle or the Gerund or the Subjunctive mood. III. Answer the following questions: When was found electric phenomena? What does a force of attraction mean? What kinds of electricity are there? IV. Supply some, any, no, where required ... pupils went to the river, ... to the woods. 2. ... of my friends live in Moscow. 3. ...Have you ... English dictionaries? 4. Is there ... ink in the inkstand? Yes, there is... 5. Bring ...chalk, please. 6. There is ... chalk in the box. 7. Is there ... milk in the jug? Yes, there is V. Fill in blanks with the Past Progressive or the Past Simple Tense of the verbs in margin. We ... to a lecture yesterday at ten o'clock.listen She ... the piano from 11 till 12 o'clock.play When he ... in, I ... my exercises. come, do What ... you yesterday at 8 o'clock? do Yesterday when I ... the newspaper, my sister ... to a concert over the radio.read, listen She ... out of the window when I ... her. look, see I ... along the street with my friend when the car ... by. walk VI. Choose the correct variant 1. Before you ____, don't forget to lock the door. -are leaving -will leave -leave -shall leave 2. Please do not speak to anyone before the police ____ . -come -are coming -’ll come, came 3. His parents will be very glad if she____ the university. -enter -’ll enter - enters - entered 4. When you ____ my brother, you ____ him. -'ll see; - won't recognize; - see won't recognize; -saw, recognize; -'ll see, don't recognize 5. We won't discuss the matter until the headmaster ______ . -'ll arrive - won’t arrive - doesn’t arrive- -arrives Текст№2 Translate the text: What is electricity? Have you ever gotten a shock when you touched a doorknob, or seen sparks fly when you combed your hair? That's electricity. Electricity is a type of energy that gives things the power to work. This energy comes from electrons. Scientists have learned how to use electrons to produce electricity. I. Classes of electricity. The study of electricity may be divided into three classes or branches: magnetism, electrostatics, and electrodynamics. Magnetism is the property of the molecules of iron and certain other substances through which they store energy in a field of force because of the arrangement movement of the electrons in their atoms. Electrostatics is the study of electricity at rest, or static electricity. Examples of this type of electricity are charges on condenser plates. Rubbing glass with silk produces static electricity. Electrodynamics is the study of electricity in motion, or dynamic electricity. The electricity which flows through wires for light and power purposes is a good example of latter type of electricity. II. Write out from the text the sentences with verbs in the form of the Participle or the Gerund or the Subjunctive mood. III.Translatethetext: Оборудования работающего на основе использования возобновляемых источников энергии для автономного тепло- и электроснабжения частных домов и зданий. С его помощью можно частично или полностью покрыть энергозатраты практически любого объекта. - солнечные вакуумные водонагреватели для круглогодичного производства горячей воды - ветрогенераторы для выработки электроэнергии. - солнечные фотоэлектрические батареи и товары на их основе – зарядные устройства, фонари. - энергоэффективныесветодиодныелампы IV. Fill in the blanks with the articles a, an, the, where necessary. We live in ... nice flat ... new house near ... park. ... flat is on … second floor. There are ... two rooms in it. We have also ... kitchen and … bathroom. ... kitchen is ... big enough. As ... rule, my mother cooks for us. We spend ... lot of ... time together in ... kitchen. There is ... TV set in ... corner of ... kitchen, and we often watch ... TV there. V. Replace the infinitives given in brackets by the Future Progressive or the Present Simple: The delegation (to start) for London as soon as they (to receive) their visas. At the travel bureau they (to tell) you exactly when the train (to leave). Ask the Smith if it (to take) him long to make a duplicate of this key. I (not to think) I (to be able to) call on them and (to say) good-bye before I (to go) abroad. If you (not to want) to climb the tree you can shake it and the apples (to fall) down to the ground. If I (to go) to Moscow I usually (to stay) at my friends. Ask him when he (to. finish) packing. VI. Переведите предложения. Определите, какое значение приобретают выделенные слова в контексте следующих предложений. 1 .The soldier is now at his post. 2. The man did his best to get a better post.3.I will send you the book by post. 4. The wooden gate was supported by two metal posts. Текст№ 3 I. Translate the text. Electroscope An electroscope is a sensitive instrument for detecting small electric charges. It consists of a glass-jar closed with a stopper of insulting material in which is fitted a varnished glass-tube. A rod passes through the tube. At the top of the rod there is a metal ball or disc at the bottom of the rod two pieces of gold leaf are suspended. When is charge is brought near the electroscope, a charge of opposite sign is induced on the metal ball, and a charge of the same sign appears on the two of the gold leaves. Since, the two pieces of gold leaf now have charges of like sign they repel each other. As an example a negatively charged glass rod is brought to the electroscope. A positive charge is induced on the ball and a negative charge appears on the two pieces of gold leaf. The polarity of a charge may be determined by means of an electroscope. We charge the electroscope negatively by touching the ball with the rod of hard rubber which is rubbed with flannel or silk. If the unknown charge is brought to the electroscope it will induce on the ball a charge of opposite polarity and on the gold leaves a charge of the same polarity as that of the unknown charge. Therefore, if the unknown charge is negative, the gold leaves will repel each other; if it is positive, they will attract. II. Write out from the text the sentences with verbs in the form of the Participle or the Gerund or the Subjunctive mood. III. Translatethetext. ЭЛЕКТРОСКОП, прибор для обнаружения электрического заряда. Наиболее распространен электроскоп с золотыми листочками, в котором две золотые пластинки, прикрепленные к проводнику, помещены в изолированный корпус. Если к стержню проводника подвести электрический заряд, пластинки разойдутся, и степень расхождения указывает на величину заряда. IV. Fill in the pronouns. When Mary came to the dining room ... took off ... coat and sat down. The waitress soon brought ... some soup. When Mary finished ... dinner ... looked at ... watch, put on ... coat and went out. (Now Mary tells her little brother John what he must do when he goes to the dining room): ... must take off ... coat and sit down. Then the waitress will bring ... some soup. When ... finish ... dinner ... must put on ... coat and go out. V. Use the Present Indefinite, the Present Perfect or the Past Indefinite. You ever (to be) to the picture gallery?-Yes, I (to be). I (to visit) it once when I was a youth and the pictures (to make) a great impression on me. Since then I (not to be) here. You already (to see) the new Indian film? - Yes, I (to see) it. I (to manage) to see it yesterday.I (to go) to the cinema in the evening and (to get) two tickets easily. You always (to take) books from our library? - Yes, as a rule, I (to take). I (not to see) Jane lately. When you (to see) her last? -1 (to meet) her two days ago. I (to think) that she (to change) very much. You (to have) dinner already? -No, not yet. The waitress (to take) my order fifteen minutes ago and (not to bring) me anything yet. Where you (to get) this fine new bicycle from? - My parents (to give) it to me as a birthday present. VI. Choose the correct variant 1. I want to go shopping but if you ______ to come, you -want, need -not want, needn't -don't want, needn't -do want, needn't 2. If you ______ on this tram it'll take you to the downtown. - 'll get - have got - got -get 3. He ______ to the country tomorrow if the weather is fine. - go -goes - 'll go -'d go 4. You'll understand nothing unless you ______ the book yourself. - read -won't read -don't read - 'll read 5. You'll understand this rule after your teacher ______ it to you. - 'll explain - explain -explains - don't explain Текст№4 Translate the text. Electric currents and their properties Conduction is the name normally given to a movement or flow of charges. The charges are usually electrons, but may also be ions when the conduction takes place in gaseous or liquid conductors, in which the ions are mobile. How does the current flow through a wire? A metal is made up of tiny crystals which are visible under a microscope. A crystal is a regular and orderly arrangement of atoms. As it was explained, an atom is a complex particle in which tiny electrons move around nucleus. When the atoms are tightly packed as they are in a metallic solid, some of the electrons move freely between the atoms. These are called free electrons. Ordinarily, the free electrons move at random through the metal. There must be some driving force to cause the electrons to move through the metal conductor. This driving force tending to produce the motion of electrons through a circuit is called an electromotive force or e.m. f. that moves electric charges from one point in the circuit to another. When an electromotive force is applied to the ends of a wire the free electrons move in one direction. It is the movement of the free electrons in a conductor that induces an electric current. The greater the number of participating electrons, the greater is the flow of current. No one has ever seen analectic current. We only know of the existence of a current by its effects. A current can heat a conductor, it can have a chemical action when passing through a solution, or it can produce a magnetic effect. We can measure currents by observing their heating, their chemical, or their magnetic effects. There are some kinds of current, namely: a direct current (d. c, for short), an alternating current (a. c.) a pulsating current II. Write out from the text the sentences with verbs in the form of the Participle or the Gerund or the Subjunctive mood. III. Translatethetext. Галогенные лампы стали применять и в быту, так как оказались достаточно экономичными и удобными в эксплуатации. Галогенная лампа, в сущности, является лампой накаливания, только вместо вакуума в ней находится специальная смесь, как правило, содержащая бром или йод, которая повышает светоотдачу лампы. При той же мощности, что и лампа накаливания, галогенная лампа имеет меньшие размеры, светит более ярко. IV. Fill in the prepositions: It was two o'clock when John went ... the dining-room to have dinner. Peter was already there. He sat ... a table with a book ... his hands. John took the menu ... the next table. When the waitress came, he ordered some soup and meat. "Can you bring me some white bread?" asked John. "Yes, of course, I can", answered the waitress, "I shall bring you some ... a minute". She came back ... a few minutes. "What will you have ... dessert?" she asked. John asked her to bring him some ice-cream. "I'm sorry", said the waitress. "It will only be ready ... half an hour". V. Put these sentences in the Future and in the Past: The tourists are shown many places of interest in our town. The Moscow University is greatly admired by everybody. New metro station is built in our town. The poem is recited in our group. We are told to wait outside. VI. Use the Past Indefinite or the Past Perfect: They (to complete) all the preparation for the fancy-dress ball by 5 o'clock. On leaving the hospital the man (to thank) the doctor who (to cure) him of his disease. In the morning all the passengers (to feel) good after the night they (to spend) in the comfortable sleeper. During my last visit to the picture gallery I (to find) that I no longer (to like) the pictures which (to impress) me when I first (to see) them. Evidently my taste (to change). Last night he (complete) the experiment which he (to begin) some months, before. They (to be) friends for some ten years before I (to meet) them. Текст№5. Translate the text. Conductors, insulators, semiconductors Conductors are materials that have a large number of loosely bound valence-ring electrons; these electrons are easily knocked out of their orbit and are then referred to as free electrons. Insulators are materials in which the valence-ring electrons are tightly bound to the nucleus. In between the limits of these two major categories is a third general class of materials called semiconductors. Capacity When two insulated conductors, one of which is charged, are brought into contact, the charge spreads over both conductors. The uncharged conductor becomes charged. A larger conductor receives a larger part of the charge. The potential of the two conductors becomes the same as soon as they are brought into contact, but the quantity of electricity is not the same on each. The larger portion of the charge is on the larger conductor. We say that the conductors have not the same capacity for electricity. The capacity of the conductor depends upon its size. The capacity of the conductor is measured by the quantity of electricity which must be given to it in order to raise its potential to a given amount. From this definition it is seen that if the capacity of a conductor increases while the quantity of electricity on it remains constant, its potential will become less. Condenser Any arrangement by which the capacity of a conductor is increased artificially is called a condenser. II. Write out from the text the sentences with verbs in the form of the Participle or the Gerund or the Subjunctive mood. III. Translatethetext. Техника безопасности: Ни в коем случае нельзя одновременно дотрагиваться до бытовых приборов и заземленных предметов (водопроводные трубы, батареи центрального отопления и т. д.). Вполне возможно, что на корпус бытового прибора пробивает электричество. В последнее время все больше и больше приборов имеют заземление. Это делается для обеспечения безопасности потребителей. Такие бытовые приборы имеют трехжильный шнур и вилку с тремя контактами. IV. Fill in the blanks with the articles a, an, the where necessary. I have ... hobby. I like to cook. During my leisure time I make … cakes and pies. It is not difficult to make ... pie. Sometimes my brother helps me. He is ... good boy and we get along well with ... each other. My brother usually goes ... shopping and buys ... different things, which are necessary for ... cooking. My cakes are tasty but I like ... pies ... best of all. V. Use the Present Indefinite or the Present Perfect. As a rule I (to have) ham and eggs for breakfast, but this time I (to order) an omelet. This is the house where I (to live). I (to live) here since childhood. Once in a week I (to write) letters home, but I (not to write) one this week, so my next letter must be particularly long. Where (to be) your monitor? "She (to go)" to the library. I regularly (to see) him every morning at the tram stop, but I (not to see) him these two or three days. It (to be) cold in winter in Moscow as a rule? - Yes, generally it (to be), but this winter (to be) exceptionally warm. Why you (not to shave) in the morning?-I (to shave) every other day. VI. Use the Passive Voice. A guide will show the visitors the new buildings. Someone told him to make a report on ancient architecture. Mr. Smith taught her Greek and gave her a dictionary. The teacher told John to learn the alphabet. I will tell you another fable next time. They invited the rest of us to go sightseeing. The guide showed the American the Houses of Parliament. |
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