Методические рекомендации по выполнению домашней контрольной работы
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Таблица неправильных глаголов английского языка
ЗАДАНИЯ К КОНТРОЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЕ ВАРИАНТ 11. Прочтите, перепишите и письменно переведите текст Inventors and their inventions New inventions are appearing every day to make our lives easier, longer, warmer, speedier and so on. But only a few inventors design a new machine or product that becomes so well-known that the invention, named after its creator, becomes a household word. Here are ten famous inventors and the inventions that are named after them: 1. Ladislao Biro, a Hungarian artist who emigrated to Argentina. In about 1943 he invented the ball-point pen or biro. 2. John Bowler, a London halter who designed the hard round hat known as the bowler in about 1850. It has become the symbol of British male respectability. And you can still see businessmen wearing bowlers in the City, the centre of London's commerce. 3. Louis Braille (1809—1852), born at Couvray, France. He became blind as a child. In 1824 he developed his own alphabet patterns known as Braille by which the blind could read by touch, based on a French army officer's invention for reading messages in the dark. 4. Samuel Colt (1814—1862), an American gunsmith. He designed a pistol, patented in 1836, with a revolving barrel that could fire six bullets, one after the other. The Colt was the first of its kind. Many "six-shooters" came later. 5. Rudolf Diesel (1858—1913), a German engineer who invented the diesel engine in 1897 and so began a transport revolution in cars, lorries and trains. 6. Hans Wilhelm Geiger (1882—1945), a German nuclear physicist. From 1906—1909 he designed a counter for detecting radioactivity. This was the beginning of modern geiger counters. 7. Charles Mackintosh (1766—1843), a Manchester textile chemist who, in 1823, developed a rubber solution for coating fabrics which led to the production of waterproof raincoats or mackintoshes. 8. Samuel Finley Breeze Morse (1791 — 1872), an American portrait painter who invented the telegraphic dot-dash alphabet known as morse code. 9. Louis Pasteur (1822—1895), a Frenchman who was both a chemist and a biologist. Pasteurisation is a method of sterilising milk by healing it. 10. Charles Rolls, a car salesman who with the engineer Henry Royce created the world-famous Rolls-Royce car. Rolls died in 1910. 2. Результаты перевода текста оформите письменно в следующую таблицу.
3. Выполните тест письменно по теме «Видовременные формы глагола» Выберите единственный правильный вариант ответа. 1.The building ______ two years ago. Destroyed was destroyed 2.I ______ by the news he had told me the day before. am surprising surprised was surprised am surprised 3.______ he ______ at the airport tomorrow? Is … being met Will … be meet 4.The police ______ to me. is hands was handed will be handing 5.I ______ into buying a motorbike by Martha. was talked talk have been talked 6.Yesterday the whole programme ______ over to a report from Bosnia. has been given was given gave gives 7.A number of priceless works of art ______ in the earthquake. have been destroyed was destroyed has been destroyed 8.Because my visa had expired I ______ from re-entering the country. Prevented am prevent prevent was prevented 9.It’s generally agreed that new industries ______ for the southern part of the country. are need are needed need 10.It’s incredible to think that these clothes ______ by Queen Victoria. Wear are being worn were worn 11.A new drug ______ to combat asthma in small children. is developing has been developed developes 12.A number of political prisoners ______ within the next week. will be released release were released 13.The problem ______ to me. was saying was mentioned was being mentioning 14.The game ______ to the children. Demonstrates was demonstrate is demonstrating will be demonstrated 15.When I was young I ______ by my aunt and uncle. was looked for was looked after was looked at was being looked 16.He ______ for nearly 12 hours. operates with is operated at was operated on 17.His decision ______. approves of was approved of 18.The land next to our house ______. has been bought have been bought was being bought 19.The tennis court ______ so we couldn’t play. has been used was used was being used 20.Better results ______ soon. will be expected are expected expect ВАРИАНТ 2
Electronics То separate electronics from the concepts of electricity is extremely difficult. The field of electricity is generally concerned with magnetism, light, heating and the production of electricity by generators and chemical action. Electronics usually deals with the application of electricity in communications, in radio, television and other devices where vacuum tubes and transistors are employed. We know the vacuum tube and the transistor to be major components of various electronic devices. The many disadvantages of vacuum tubes include high cost, bulky construction, high amount of operating current, limited life and high operating temperature. However the vacuum tube is ideal in many situations where electrical energy is readily available and where heat is no problem. A more recent invention - the transistor is known to have replaced the vacuum tube in many situations. The transistor operates on a minimum amount of electrical energy, emits very little heat and has a long life. The transistor is tiny compared to the size of the vacuum tube of equivalent energy output. This feature has permitted an electronic circuit to be so small that the electronic technician uses magnifying lenses to aid him in his circuit construction and repair. Later research has revealed a device which has revolutionized the field of transistor, Lew Esaki, discovered a simple semiconductor class of crystal that is even more amazing than the transistor. The tunnel diode, as it is called, operates on a negligible amount of electric current, its diameter being some few thousandths of an inch. With such a transistor man will be able to see telephones to be worn on wrists, pocket-size TV sets and ring radio sets. Several recent developments in the field of electronics have led to better ways tocommunicate efficiently over long distances. The maser and the laser permit man to beam extremely coherent and concentrated energy with almost no loss of intensity.
Device [di`vais] – устройство, приспособление 3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past или Future Simple Passive. 1. Bread (to eat) every day. 2. The letter (to receive) yesterday. 3. Nick (to send) to Moscow next week. 4. I (to ask) at the lesson yesterday. 5. I (to give) a very interesting book at the library last Friday. 6. Many houses (to build) in our town every year. 7. This work (to do) tomorrow. 8. This text (to translate) at the last lesson. 9. These trees (to plant) last autumn. 10. Many interesting games always (to play) at our PT lessons. 11. This bone (to give) to my dog tomorrow. 12. We (to invite) to a concert last Saturday. 13. My question (to answer) yesterday. 14. Hockey (to play) in winter. 15. Mushrooms (to gather) in autumn. 16. Many houses (to burn) during the Great Fire of London. 17. His new book (to finish) next year. 18. Flowers (to sell) in shops and in the streets. 19. St. Petersburg (to found) in 1703. ВАРИАНТ 3 1. Прочтите, перепишите и письменно переведите текст RAILWAY AUTOMATION At present control of high-speed trains is semi-automatic since they are automatically forced to comply with permissible speeds at any instant. Stops at station platforms are under the driver’s control. The state of the line is continuously surveyed and information is transmitted at high speed to the control centre. Each train automatically identifies itself by generating a unique frequency as it passes fixed ground equipment and the information is displayed on the control panel at Tokyo. Trains entering stations automatically set the points system according to classification, i.e. whether super express, express or freight. One interesting but simple safety feature enables the operator on the line to stop the train in an emergency. It consists of push-button switches placed at intervals of 50m. Operation of the switch completes the circuit, and the consequent indication in the driver’s cab of an approaching train causes the brakes to be applied automatically when at an appropriate distance from the danger position. All the circuits are fail-safe, and the possibility of an accident due to human error has been virtually eliminated. Great work is being carried out in order to improve circuits performance. It means introduction of such techniques as programmed control, obstacle detection by a guided radar, controlled braking to a fixed point and centralized computer control. Extensive research is under way in our country to utilize television technique in industry, science and agriculture. Some years ago one of the research institutes of our country designed a television apparatus which is now used in railway transport to record the serial numbers of freight cars arriving at a station. As a train pulls in at a station, somewhere at a distance of ten kilometers an operator sees this train on a screen of his television set. The operator reads aloud the serial number of the freight cars and they are recorded by a tape recorder. On another television set the operator can see all the railway lines in a station. The operator only has to press the button and another station will appear on the screen. These installations are used in classifications yards for shunting operations. The Central Research Institute of the Railways Ministry is designing a new television apparatus which will enable engine drivers “to see” the condition of the freight car even when it is dark. 2. Составьте письменно 5 вопросов различного типа к переведенному тексту: 1) общий вопрос 2) специальный вопрос 3) Разделительный вопрос 4) Вопрос к подлежащему 5) Альтернативный вопрос
Выберите единственный правильный вариант ответа. 1. (1 балл). There … a cat in the box. A) Were B) Is C) Am D) Are 2. (1 балл). My brother and I … born in Almaty. A) been B) was C) is D) were 3. (1 балл). We … institute every Friday. A) Attend B) Has attended C) Was attended D) Is attending 4. (1 балл). We … from Russia. A)Am B)Is C)Are D)Be 5. (1 балл).My sister … a doll. A)Have got B)Has got C)Have D)Have has 6. (1 балл). The dog … to play with my toys. A) Like B) Likes C) am liking D) not like 7. (1 балл).My father … at the bakery.
8. (1 балл).There … two children in the classroom.
9. (1 балл). Kate has got five …
10. (1 балл).Find the antonym of the word «Big»
11. (1 балл). Lisa … very shy yesterday
12. (1 балл). Who is going to look … your pet when you are away?
13. (1 балл). If I knew his address, I ___ him.
14. (1 балл). A decision ..... until the next meeting.
15. (1 балл). John … the exercise yet
16. (1 балл).Last night I….a wonderful dream.
17. (1 балл). This task is … than this quiz A) Difficulter B) The most difficult C) More difficult D) difficult 18. (1 балл). Find mean of transport
19. (1 балл). England is situated in …
20. (1 балл). Tomorrow he … go to the cinema
ВАРИАНТ 4 1. Прочтите, перепишите и письменно переведите текст CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORSAll substances have some ability of conducting the electric current, however, they differ greatly in the ease with which the current can pass through them. Solid metals conduct electricity with ease while non-metals do not allow it to flow freely. Thus, there are conductors and insulators. What do the terms "conductors" and "insulators" mean? This difference is expressed by what is called electrical conductivity of the body. It depends upon the atomic constitution of the body. Substances through which electricity is easily transmitted are called conductors. Any material that strongly resists the electric current flow is known as an insulator. Conductance, that is the conductor's ability of passing electric charges, depends on the four factors: the size of the wire used, its length and temperature as well as the kind of material to be employed. A large conductor will carry the current more readily than a thinner one. To flow through a short conductor is certainly easier for the current than through a long one in spite of their being made of similar material. Hence, the longer the wire, the greater is its opposition, that is resistance, to the passage of current. There is a great difference in the conducting ability of various substances. Almost all metals are good electric current conductors. The best conductors are silver, copper, gold and aluminum. Nevertheless, copper carries the current more freely than iron; and silver, in its turn, is a better conductor than copper. Copper is the most widely used conductor. The electrically operated devices are connected to the wall socket by copper wires. A material which resists the flow of the electric current is called an insulator. The higher the opposition is, the better the insulator is. There are many kinds of insulation used to cover the wires. The kind used depends upon the purposes the wire or cord is meant for. The insulating materials generally used to cover the wires are rubber, asbestos, glass, plastics and others. The best insulators are oil, rubber and glass. Rubber covered with cotton, or rubber alone is the insulating material usually used to cover desk lamp cords and radio cords. Glass is the insulator to be often seen on the poles that carry the telephone wires in city streets. Glass insulator strings are usually suspended from the towers of high voltage transmission lines. One of the most important insulators of all, however, is air. That is why power transmission line wires are bare wires depending on air to keep the current from leaking off. 2. Письменно составьте предложения, основываясь на содержание текста. Предложения письменно переведите.
3. Перепишите и письменно следующие повелительные предложения. 1.Come here, please! 2.Bring me the book. 3.Air the room! 4.Don't smoke here! 5.Don't cross the street here! 6.Let Victor open the window. 7.Let the children do home. 8.Let Mary wash up. 9.Let her come in. 10.Let him open the window. 11. Let us play volley-ball! 12.Let's go to the cinema tonight. 13.Let me do it myself. 14.Don't let my brother read the letter. 15.Don't let him smoke here! ВАРИАНТ 5 1. Прочтите, перепишите и письменно переведите текст Transport and energetic Coal. It was coal that produced the energy to run the factories of the first big industrial countries, such as Britain and Germany. Coalminers worked long hard hours in cold dark coalmines to bring this black rock above ground. They called it black gold. Oil and gas. Texas, Saudia Arabia, Kuwait, and Venezuela: these are only a few of the places where oil has been found. Today, big oil companies still spend millions of dollars looking for oil, and when they find it, a new oil well is started and the company makes even more millions. Sometimes they don't find oil underneath the earth. They find gas. But gas, too, can be used for energy. It is a good energy source for heating and cooking. Nuclear or atomic energy. It is incredible to think that from the nucleus of the atom — one of the smallest things in the world — can come enormous amounts of energy. This energy, which is called nuclear or atomic energy, can either be controlled in nuclear power stations to create electricity for millions of homes, or it can be used in war to destroy millions of homes. Hydroelectric power. Water from fast-running rivers is another source of energy. By building large dams to control the water, millions of kilowatts of power can be produced. Countries like Sweden and Norway get most of their electricity from hydroelectric power. Solar and wind energy. In the future much of our energy may come from the sun. In some countries, solar collectors on the roof can already create enough solar power to heat and provide electricity for a house in both winter and summer. One day we may also see small windmills on every roof. Even a small wind can provide enough power to run lights and most electrical machines in the home. 2. Составьте письменно лексический словарь по тексту (15-20 слов с транскрипцией и переводом) и заполните таблицу
3. Раскройте скобки и перепишите предложения, употребляя Future Continuous in the Past. 1. He said that he (to get ready for) his exams the next day. Он сказал, что завтра весь день он будет готовиться к экзаменам. 2. Mary said that she (to wait for) us in the reading hall at nine. Мэри сказала, что будет ждать нас в читальном зале в девять. 3. They told us that they (to practice) all day. Они сказали нам, что весь день будут заниматься. 4. John asked what you (to do) the next day at eight. Джон спросил, что вы будете делать завтра в восемь. 5. Mark thought that in a week he (to study) at this time. Марк подумал, что через неделю в это время он уже не будет учиться. 6. They knew that they (to work) all day long. Они знали, что будут работать весь день. 7. She asked if you (to watch) TV that evening. Она спросила, будешь ли ты сегодня вечером смотреть телевизор? 8. He claimed that he (to have) a lecture the next day at eleven. Он заявил, что завтра в одиннадцать у него лекция по истории. 9. We knew that he (to come) in three days at about the same time. Мы знали, что он приедет через три дня примерно в это же время. 10. Jane said that her sister (to have) an exam at musical school in two days time and she (to practice) all day the next day. Джейн сказала, что послезавтра у ее сестры экзамен в музыкальной школе, и завтра она весь день будет играть. ВАРИАНТ 6
Ohm's law The main units in electrical engineering are those relating to current, pressure or voltage, resistance, power and energy. Current is that which flows along the conductors forming the electric circuit. It is measured in ampers. Pressure, potential, voltage, or electromotive force is that which causes a current to flow between two points when they are joined by a conductor. The unit is the volt. The total pressure generated by a cell or generator is called its electromotuve force (e. m. f.). The difference in pressure between any two points in a circuit is simply known as the potential difference, voltage, or pressure of the circuit. The opposition which a substance offers to the flow of current through it is called its resistance. Substances having a small resistance, such as metals and most liquids, are called conductors, those offering a high resistance arу called insulators. The unit of resistance is the ohm. When resistance are connected in succession to form a curcuit, they are said to be connected in series. Resistances connected to the same terminals are said to be in parallel. In a circuit in which a steady direct current is flowing there is a direct relation between the current, voltage, and resistance, temperature remaining constant, and this is eepressed by what is known as Ohm’s law. The law is represented by the following equation: I = E / R I – current in amperes R – resistance in ohms E – preassure in volts The power in a d. c. circuit is found from the product of the amperes flowing in it and the preassure at its terminals. The unit of power is the walt. It is the power in a circuit when a current of one ampere flows under a pressure of one volt. The practical unit of electricel energy is the kilowatt-hour (kwh). It is the energy transformed in a circuit when the power is one kilowatt and the time taken is one hour. In general practice this value is spoken of as a unit, and is the basis of charges for electrical energy. substance – вещество, материя succession – последовательность in series – последовательно in parallel – параллельно equation – уравнение value – величина, ценность
1. What is an ampere? 2. What is a volt? 3. What is a watt? 4. What is the practical unit of electrical energy? 5. What is electromotive force? 6. What types of resistance connections do you know?
1 . My son asked me … let him … go to the club. 2 . You must make him … practice an hour a day. 3 . She was made … repeat the song. 4 . He is not sure that it can … be done, but he is willing … try. 5 . Let me … help you with your work. 6 . She asked me … read the letter carefully and … write an answer. 7 . You ought … take care of your health. 8 . I looked for the book everywhere but could not … find it. 9 . He was seen … leave the house. 10 . We had … put on our overcoats because it was cold. ВАРИАНТ 7 1. Прочтите, перепишите и письменно переведите текст |
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