Customer: And if you replace some of my money by shares?
Banker: If you buy shares in a company you become, in a manner of speaking, one of the many owners of it. You'll get an interest depending on the success of the company, unlike bonds which give you a fixed interest. Shares, however, ensure you against devaluation.
Customer: That's a bit complicated. But I understand I run a greater risk with shares than with bonds.
Banker: I'd probably advise you to invest a maximum of a third of your 40,000 Pounds in shares. The rest should be invested in bonds or certificates of deposit, for example. In this way, you can limit your risks.
Customer: And will I be able to withdraw my money whenever I want.
Banker: Generally it is quite possible.
Customer: I'd like to talk everything over with my wife, and I'll come back to see you again.
Banker: Why not come with your wife? I'd be glad to meet you and her, and to explain everything in detail.
Customer: That's very kind of you. Good-bye then.
Banker: I'll just show you the way.
Deposit account, certificates of deposit
Mr. Williams (W), the Chairman, J. and V. Corporation, the USA; Mr. Barkins (B), the Manager of the bank.
B: You've got several possibilities, then. First, a current account which pays a small interest of 2%.
W: That's very little.
B: Yes, of course. You have a second possibility, which is a deposit account. This pays 4%, less tax. This also entitles you to a cheque-book. You can withdraw up to 10,000 dollars a month. Larger sums need a 3 months' notice.
W: Can I deposit any sum?
B: Yes, there's no limit. What I suggest is that you open a deposit account with enough in it to cover your immediate needs. As to the rest we can ask our investment department to make you a proposal.
W: That's interesting. I'll need 20,000 to 25,000 dollars at short notice. I'd like to invest 40,000 dollars in a long-term investment and I'd like to have the remaining 40,000 dollars available at, say, 4 to 5 years' notice.
B: In that case, we can offer you our certificates of deposit at 3, 4 or 5 years.
W: Very good.
В: The interest is higher than on a deposit account. They pay 8%.
high-term interest savings accounts become more attractive.
After 70, annuities are possible.
Wills should reviewed regularly, at any age.
Thus, savings are popular with young and old, lendings and savings with those between the ages of 20 and 70.
Complaint
This is a telephone call from a client, Mr. Evans (E) to Mr. Kurgings (K) of transfers of the bank.
K: Transfers Department.
E: Good morning. This is Henry Evans.
K: Good morning, Mr. Evans.
E: I'm a client of the bank. My account number is 252.332.
K: Yes, sir.
E: I've just received a debit advice of 15th March.
K: Yes. For what amount?
E: 2,000 dollars. I asked you to transfer this sum to my wife in New York. She has just telephoned me. She's furious. Apparently, they haven't received the transfer. This puts me in a nasty situation.
K: Could you give me your wife's address?
E: Yes. 25 East 32nd Street.
K: And her account number is . . .?
E: 284.227
К: I'm going to look into the matter, and I'll call you back. Could I have your number, please?
E: 845. 897. (Another telephone call an hour later.)
K: This is Kurgings from the bank.
E: Oh, good afternoon, Mr. Kurgings. Have you managed to clear up my case?
K: Yes. It's really quite simple. On your order you have made a mistake in the account number of your wife. Instead of 284.272, you put 284.227. I've already put things right at the bank. Thank you, sir. Good-bye.
E: Thank you. Good-bye.
Мы закончили вчера нашу работу к 6 часам.
Сколько времени вы ее знаете?
Он проработал там в течение 50 лет и затем был вынужден уйти на пенсию.
Где вы будете работать, когда окончите техникум?
Как только дети позавтракали, они пошли в школу.
Как долго вы здесь находитесь?
Вы заплатите наличными?
Я не знал, что вы поедете в командировку во Францию.
Забери эти книги, они мне мешают.
Вы слышали это, не так ли?
ВАРИАНТ 3
Education in the USA
Mr. Jones, an American businessman, invited a group of Russian specialists to his house. The conversation turned to the education of children.
Р.: Do your children go to school?
Jones: My son is in his freshman year at a technical college, and my daughter goes to junior high school.
Р.: Junior high? What s that?
Jones: Well, in most schools in the USA today, the twelve grades of school are divided into six years of elementary training, three years of junior high school and the last three, senior high school.
Р.: Now I understand. Is education compulsory in the USA?
Jones: Yes. All states require every boy and girl to go to school starting with the age of 6.
Р.: What about higher education? Is it expensive?
Jones: Rather. Many students receive financial support from parents or relatives.
Р.: Can the students go to the University free of charge?
Jones: Everyone must pay a tuition fee. The amount varies from state to state. This creates a financial hard-ship for some people. However, each university offers a number of scholarships to deserving students.
Р.: Are scholarship given only by universities?
Jones: Not really. Scholarships come from different sources: private companies, state authorities, US Army, different funds and churches. Some people can even get their scholarships for athletic abilities. Some are given for scholastic abilities. You have to compete to get your scholarship. You must do well, excel in something, show superior academic achievement.
L.: Does your son know what he wants to major in?
Jones: Not for sure. He hasn`t made up his mind yet, but I think it will be either mechanical or civil engineering.
К.: That s very good career for a boy.
Jones: Perhaps it is. I wanted him to be a lawyer, but he is keen on building bridges and things like that, that s why he applied for admission to a technical college last year.
Р.: Let s hope he`ll be a good engineer.
The English language
The English language developed from Anglo-Saxon and is a Germanic language. However, all the invading peoples, particularly the Norman French, influenced the English language and you can find many words in English which are French in origin. Nowadays all Welsh, Scottish and Irish people speak English (even if they speak their own language as well), but all the countries have their own special accents and dialects, and their people are easily recognizable as soon as they speak. Occasionally, people from the four countries in the United Kingdom have difficulty in understanding one another because of their different accents. A southern English accent is generally accepted to be the most easily understood, and is the accent usually taught to foreigners.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND THEIR ELEMENTS
Balance sheet
The position of the enterprise is presented in the balance sheet. That statement shows resources and the claims to or interests in them and provides an indication of the financial strength of the enterprise.
The balance sheet includes the following elements:
Assets
Assets include property, plant and equipment, financial leases, investments in subsidiaries and other enterprises; long-term receivables; purchased goodwill, patents, trademarks and similar intangibles; marketable securities; current receivables (or trade debts); inventories; cash and bank balances; and prepaid expenses.
Assets arise from past events, which may be cash or non-cash transactions. Assets may be purchased, exchanged for other assets, self-generated or received as grants or donations.
An asset is recognized when it is reasonably certain that the future economic benefit embodied in it will flow to the enterprise.
In a number of countries, intangible assets such concessions, patents, licenses, trademarks and similar rights and assets may be recognized in the balance sheet only if they were acquired for a valuable consideration. A number of countries allow assets to be carried on the balance sheet only if the reporting enterprise is the legal owner.
Liabilities
Liabilities include long-term loans and debentures, short-term loans, and bank overdrafts, payables, pension plans and similar financial obligations. The scope of definition of liabilities covers obligations whose financial amounts can or cannot be established precisely. It therefore covers what is usually described as provisions in some countries. Provisions are liabilities, the amount of which cannot be established precisely, or the occurrence of which is uncertain. In some countries, provisions may not be used to adjust the value of assets. In those countries, value adjustments on debtors are referred to as write-downs. In other countries, write-downs on debtors are commonly referred to as provisions. Provisions should be distinguished from reserves, which are amounts set aside under equity for future use with respect to obligations which may arise from probable or possible events.
A liability is recognized when it is reasonably certain that a future reduction in economic benefit will result from the settlement of the obligation.
Equity
Paid-in capital is treated differently in many countries, in some of which all amounts paid in by equity shareholders are classified as paid-in and are not further categorized. In other countries, paid-in capital is divisible into two types: that relating to the par value of the shares offered for sale and that relating to share premium or additional capital. In consolidated balance sheets, the amount of equity should be given separately for the shareholders of the parent enterprise and for other shareholders.
Equity is a residual arising from the deduction of liabilities from the assets of the reporting enterprise. Equity arises from two sources: that provided by shareholders (for example, paid-in capital) and that generated by the activities of the enterprise (for example, earnings less distributions to shareholders, unrealized surpluses).
Loan Agreement
Mr. Zuev (Z) meets at the bank with Mr. Vickers (V), acting Director and other representatives of joint venture company Valeria.
Z: Good afternoon, gentlemen.
V: Good afternoon. I'm glad to meet you again. We are obliged for your letter informing us about the decision of the Credit Committee of the bank.
Z: Yes, indeed. The Committee's decided to grant the credit to Valeria Co. to the amount of 1.85 million US dollars for the purchase of equipment.
V: Thank you very much. Could you tell us about repayment period?
Z: We've adopted the refund period of 5 years. In this case the currency balance remains reliable.
V: We'd like to start discussion of the terms of a loan agreement as soon as possible.
Z: Yes. We've already passed on the draft loan agreement for your perusal.
V: Thank you. And what is the margin rate?
Z: The margin for your credit has been fixed at the rate of 1% per annum.
V: And the principal debt will be repayable yearly, won't it?
Z: Oh, no. The principal debt must be repaid half-yearly.
V: We'd like to provide for repayment in various hard currencies, not only in dollars.
Z: Yes, we'll provide for such possibility in the loan agreement .
V: O.K., agreed. Thank you. Z: Thank you. Good-bye.
. 1. Где вы были в последнее время?
Мы постараемся поставить оборудование немедленно и оплатить стоимость его страховки и транспортировки.
Сколько времени вам понадобилось, чтобы перевести этот текст?
Тогда шел сильный дождь.
Этот автобус довезет меня до улицы Бассейной?
Он ушел до того, как я добрался туда.
Я только что разговаривал с ним.
Что вы собираетесь делать?
Кто из ваших друзей живет в центре Санкт-Петербурга?
Он сможет встретиться с вами только на следующей неделе.
ВАРИАНТ 4
.
CHECK-IN AT A HOTEL
Front desk clerk: Good afternoon. Can I help you?
Mrs. Stein: Yes. Do you have any vacancies starting tonight?
Front desk clerk: Yes, ma'am, we do. How long would you like to stay?
Mrs. Stein: For four nights.
Front desk clerk: What kind of room would you like?
Mrs. Stein: A single, if possible.
Front desk clerk: Let me see ... Will you be paying by credit card?
Mrs. Stein: Yes, MasterСard. Here you are.
Front desk clerk: That's Mrs. Stein? I'll just take an impression of* your card. Would you please complete the guest registra tion card?
Mrs. Stein: Certainly.
Front desk clerk: Here's your credit card, ma'am, and your room key.
Mrs. Stein: Thank you.
Front desk clerk: This is your room charge card. You'll need this if you charge anything in the restaurant or lobby shops. Could you sign it here?
Mrs. Stein: OK.
Front desk clerk: Right. Your room is oh the seventh floor. The bell captain**
will take your bags up to your room.
Mrs. Stein: Thank you. Oh,. is the restaurant still serving lunch?
Front desk clerk: Our main restaurant closes at two-thirty, but you get something to eat in the all-day coffee shop. It's located across the lobby.
Mrs. Stein: Thank you very much.
Front desk clerk: You're very welcome. Enjoy your stay with us.
* Take an impression of— переснять, скопировать, сделать оттиск
** Bell captain - портье, старший коридорный
Contract
A Contract is a business agreement on work to be done, rates to be paid, goods to be sold or bought. It is also a document embodying such an agreement.
Contracts are concluded either between companies in one and the same country, or internationally, i.e. between organizations of different countries. Every international contract has several standard parts which are obligatory. Most frequently these necessary parts of the contract include the following:
legal addresses of the contracting parties,
the subject matter of the contract, i.e., what this business agreement is about; usually this also includes the total amount of money involved and the denomination of goods bought or sold under the provision of this contract (or the type of service agreed upon),
a more detailed description of goods: their price, quality and quantity, packing and marking, etc.,
the terms of delivery (the most usual ones being F.O.B., F.O.R., C.I.F., С & F., F.I.O.S., F.I.O., and others)
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