Взгляд на экологию
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Reading for TranslatingTigers Return to IndiaAt least 20 tigers have resurfaced in a tropical rainforest in western India, almost three decades after it was thought that poaching had wiped them out forever. The big cats were sighted over 300 square miles of mountainous forest in the western state of Maharashtra, bringing rare good news in a country that is rapidly losing its wildlife due to poaching and habitat destruction. “There was good forest cover, an ideal habitat and an ideal prey base but tigers were not sighted in the Sahyadri range since the late 1970s,” Vishwas Sawarkar, former head of the state-run Wildlife Institute of India, said. “ My estimate is there are at least 20 of them now,” said Mr Sawarkar, adding that the discovery was made during a nationwide tiger census. India is believed to have half the world’s surviving tigers, but according to a census in 2001 and 2002, their numbers have dwindled to 3,642 from 40,000 a century ago. Conservationists say the actual number is between 1,300 and 1,500, based on the initial findings of the census. Experts said the last remaining tigers could have benefited from poachers moving on to other areas in search of their lucrative prey, whose body parts are used in traditional Chinese medicines and whose skins fetch thousands of dollars. Conservationists hope Sahyadri will be declared a tiger reserve. (Periscope Review, №11, 2009) SpeakingRead the dialogue and learn it by heart. Act it out. (One day Kate and Pete meet in the reading room.) Pete: Good evening, Kate. When did you come? Kate: Hello, Pete, an hour ago. I read about other differences between plants and animals. Shall I tell you about them? Pete: Oh, certainly. I’ll be glad to know about that. Kate: Well, I’ll tell you a few words. Do you know what basic unit of life is? Pete: A cell, I think. I studied the structure of timber last year. Kate: Right you are. Plant cells have cellulose in them, and animal cells do not have it. Pete: Oh, yes I know about cellulose in trees and other plants. This material is important for paper-making. Kate: Just so. And what’s more, all animals are heterotrophs. Pete: What does it mean “heterotrophs”? Kate: It means that they feed directly or indirectly on other living things. Pete: Oh, I see. Thank you. Read the dialogue and express your opinion on the problem of animal hunting. A: What do you think of fox hunting? B: I'm completely against it. A: But if you worked on a farm and your chickens were killed by foxes, you'd think differently. B: I doubt it. People who keep all those hounds and dress up in colourful costumes really enjoy killing foxes. Besides, it's such a cruel way to kill them. A: Do you really think so? Once the first dog has caught up with the fox, death is fairly instant. B: You seem to forget that the fox is already dying of exhaustion after long chase. Then it's torn to pieces. If farmers really need to kill foxes, why don't they just shoot them? There'd be far less damage to the countryside without hunts. A: But fox hunting is part of country life. It's one of our traditions. B: That's beside the point. Dog fighting and cock fighting were traditions and so was slavery before we became a more civilized society by making these things illegal. Unit 3People and Nature“Let us permit nature to have her way. She understands her business better than we do.” ~ Michel de Montaigne Warm upThe Earth is about 4,6 billion years old. Modern man has lived on Earth for only 35,000 years but, in that time, we have changed our planet in many ways. Many of the things are good, but many are not. We have upset nature’s equilibrium emitting toxic gases into the atmosphere, dumping toxic wastes into rivers and oceans and turning our countryside into the dump. It’s you and I who are to blame for the state of the Earth. No question about it. It’s our life-style that is threatening life on Earth, so we must make the changes. The good news is that many of those changes are really quite simple but for every step we take as individuals, we must press government and industry to take a giant leap on our behalf. And we must start now; tomorrow will be too late.
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