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The procedure:
2. Be a reporter! You’ve just visited an art exhibition. Write an article to the local newspaper about your impressions. Ex.12. Read the text and do the tasks after it. Picture Gallery in Kozmodemyansk The Museum of Regional Studies in Kozmodemyansk was founded in 1919 and is named after A.V. Grigoryev, a Mari artist and the founder of the Museum and the picture gallery. It happened so that the artists of Kazan organized a mobile art exhibition in 1918. The exhibits were put on board the steamer and were intended to be taken to different towns and cities situated on the banks of the Volga and the Kama. But the Civil War broke out and the mobile art exhibition remained in Kozmodemyansk. Later it gave rise to the foundation of the Museum of Regional Studies. A. Grigoryev paid attention to the canvases of the Russian painters of the XIX century which were kept in the department of people’s education of the town. Soon all the 40 canvases became the property of the town. Now the Art Gallery contains pictures by many distinguished Russian masters, among whom one can’t but mention Brullov, Aivazovsky, Levitan, Korovin, etc. Besides canvases belonging to the brush of the Mari painters – Grigoryev, Lavrentyev, Efimov are displayed in the Art Gallery too. A considerable part of the works of the Art Gallery is represented by canvases painted by Nikolay Ivanovich Feshin. Two sketches for the picture “Cheremiss Wedding” are worth mentioning. The sketches were painted near Morky in 1966-1967. The firs sketch depicts a wedding in a green lawn. In the foreground of the sketch there are three musicians playing national instruments. Dancing men and women dressed in national costumes are depicted so well that you can easily imagine a scene of a Mari wedding at the beginning of the XX century. In the second sketch our attention is attracted by two musicians and a dancing woman who is at the head of a wedding procession. The painter showed national costumes and traditional Mari elements of the way of life and the wedding ritual truthfully. The artist continued the realistic trend of the Russian democratic art. The picture “Cheremiss Wedding” was awarded a gold medal at the International Exhibition in Munich. This picture can be regarded the prologue to the history of Mari art as it was the first of professional pictorial art reflecting the life of the Mari people.
Going to a Museum (Picture Gallery) To get, to turn, to the right (left), to get on (off), to get in, to take a taxi (bus), it takes … to find oneself, to find out, to learn, to enter, an entrance fee, an entrance lounge, a favourite painter, to be popular with, characteristic of, a background, to manage to do smth., to make up one’s mind, to change one’s mind, I wonder, no wonder that…, especially, to enjoy, nothing special.
canvases by what painters are worth exhibiting; what illustrations you can bring to the class; who will be the guide and why; what is the best way to decorate the hall; how to make an advertisement. Ex. 13. Read the text and do the tasks after it. The National Picture Gallery The National Picture Gallery is a structural subdivision of the Republican Museum of the Fine Arts. The exposition is located on the two floors of the building and is represented in the form of a winding spiral. The thematic sections of the exposition show the spectators the cultural heritage of the Mari Republic. The Picture Gallery includes seven thematic expositions: 1. “Mythological time” – we can observe the articles of Arts which came to us from ancient time. 2. “Ecological time” – the exposition tells the visitors about the history of creation and development of the national Mari costume. In the section called “Ethnic Fashion” are represented the stylish models of the Mari designers. With the help of new materials, modern forms and authors’ original findings, the spectators can comprehend the Mari national clothes in a new way. 3. “The Orthodox time” gives the viewers the main ideas of the development of Christianity on the Mari Land; acquaints them with architecture and orthodox art. 4. “The Family time” – the exposition narrates about the family of Sheremetyev (estate architecture – the palace ensemble). 5. “The History time” – the exposition introduces the historical complex of the city of Kozmodemyansk. It is interesting due to the canvases of the well-known Russian (I.K. Ivazovsky, K.E. Makovsky) and Mari painters, which are exhibited here. 6. “Artist – image- time” – this section includes the art masterpieces from the collections of three museums: Cultural-Historic Museum Complex in Kozmodemyansk, Republican Museum of the Fine Arts, National Museum of Mari El named after T. Evseev. 7. “Ethno futurism” – the exposition acquaints the visitors with the new direction in Art which is based on the comprehension of the mythological time. The Gallery is young: it has just celebrated its second birthday. It was opened on 4 November 2008 and this event was timed to the Day of our Republic. Recently the Gallery has housed the exhibition of the most famous artists of our time Ilya Glazunov. The director of the Gallery is Elena Eduardovna Burnasheva. It is located in 114, Palantai Street. Its e-mail is M1528@mail.museum.ru.
2. Its director is Ilya Glazunov. 3. The Gallery was opened on 4 November 2009. 4. The Gallery isn’t old. 5. The National Picture Gallery is a part of Cultural-Historic Museum Complex in Kozmodemyansk. 6. The thematic sections of the exposition show the spectators the cultural heritage of nine countries of the world. 7. The Picture Gallery includes seven thematic expositions. 8. The exposition “The History time” tells the visitors about the history of the national Mari costume. 9. “Ethno futurism” – the exposition acquaints the visitors with the new Mari artists. 10. You can contact the Museum by post, e-mail or by phone.
Ex. 14. Fill in the verbs in the necessary form. The Art Gallery in the country house The daughter of the amateur painter, the veteran of the Great patriotic war Nikolay Fyodorovich Zykov … (1.to open) the museum of her father’s paintings in his house in the village of Yulendur, Kuzhener region. There are so many pictures that they … (2. to display) everywhere: in the rooms, in the kitchen, in the verandah: all in all 54 canvases. Nikolay was a very talented craftsman. All the furniture in his house was hand-made and … (3. to decorate) with illustrations to the Russian folk fairy-tales and ballads. There used … (4. to be) a chest of drawers the front of which was painted with the scenes from the tale about Ivan Tsarevich; the back part – the copy of the painting “The morning of the Strelets’ Execution”. When he was at war he sent home together with the letters incredibly bright and merry pictures and sketches: the hare playing the drum, the birds of paradise, animals, children, nature. Nikolay was lucky: wounded but alive he came back home. Till the end of his life he didn’t give up… (5. to paint). Practically each family in Yulendur … (6. to have) canvases created by N. Zykov. Once his daughter visited Leningrad and … (7. to bring) home a suitcase full of the reproductions of the world-famous canvases. Still today for almost 50 years from the walls of Nikolay’s house … (8. to look) Maria-Magdalina and Sixtinskaya Madonna, Zaporozhskie Kasaks and Boyarynya Morozova. It was his daughter Margaret who organized the museum of her father’s paintings. It … (9. not/have) the official status but a lot of visitors come here. A few boys who are good at painting come here every day to work. The aura here is so unusual that the house … (10. to turn) into the working shop. Margaret herself works as a guide now; she … (11. to tell) the guests about her father, the history of the paintings, about people and events depicted there. It’s rather interesting especially for village children who never … (12. to be) to a real museum. That’s why they are so grateful to Margaret and her efforts to preserve a little part of our common history. Ex. 15. Read and discuss. 1. Comment on the following: “A painter is like a poet” (A.K. Savrasov). “A picture is a window to the inner world of the artist” (K. Allikmets). “Art is a dialogue in which the partner keeps silence” (G. Landaw). “A picture is an enigma that the artist creates for himself” (S. Ezhi Lets). 2. Do you agree with the following? Your girl friend considers that a visit to a Picture Gallery is a waste of time. It’s better to walk along the city or go shopping. What’s your opinion? “Science makes you calm, but the aim of art is to prevent you from getting calm” (J. Brak). Unit 2. Mari national literature Ex. 1. Read the text and do the tasks after it The History of the Mari Literature The desire of the Mari people to create their own national literature in the Mari language appeared simultaneously with the appearance of the native Mari writing. The early written monuments turned out to be the first literary works. The peculiarities of these written works predetermined moral, aesthetic direction of the pre-Revolutionary Mari literature. In 17 century Russian scientists put down separate Mari words, small conversational texts. The Mari words were fixed in many dictionaries, compiled by outstanding Russian scholars, e.g. V. Tatitsev, D. Rudnev). In 1775 the first Mari Grammar Book was published in St. Petersburg (the author – Veniamin Kazansky). The first information about spiritual inheritance of the Mari people was mentioned in research works of Russian academic expeditions – in the books written by G. Miller, P. Pallas, N. Rychkov, I. Fisher, I. Gmelin, etc. The Russian researchers imprinted the details of the economic life, spiritual culture of the Maris. They prepared basis for the development of the Mari ethnographic essays. These scientific papers contain valuable notes about the character and specific features of the Mari folk works. Russian literary experts wrote with admiration about the poetic advantages of the Mari songs and ballads. The first literary monuments in the Mari language were the texts, speeches written by the students of Theological Seminary in Kazan. They had the literary form of a solemn ode and were created in connection with some official events. Literary monuments of the second half of the 18-th century – verses and odes – were not the real examples of literature. They were surely far from perfection. In 1840 the first Mari ABC-book (by Trofim Udyurminsky) was worked out. It contained some texts for reading. They were written on the folklore base, some of them were translated from Russian. In 1907 the first Mari Calendar (an annual edition) was published in Kazan. Among the authors who participated in the preparation literary materials for this edition was S. Chavain (1888-1937). His first poem “Grove” was devoted to the events of the Russian Revolution of 1905. Chavain saw the main aim of his literary work in public education. His works were full of alarm for the fate of the common Mari people, were an exited meditation about their past, present and future. In 1908 he published his book – a collection of historic essays and ballads under the title “From the past of the Mari nation”. In one of the stories (“Yolanda”) he depicted the events of unification of the Russian and Mari peoples. Folk legends and fairy tales underlay a number of Chavain’s works, e.g. his story “In the forest”, poem “A witch”, verses “My ancestors”, “A powerful oak-tree”, etc. The address to the rich folk poetry, usage of its traditions made the literary inheritance of Chavain expressive and emotional. It was the reason for its wide popularity. Some of the poems became folk songs. An outstanding phenomenon in the culture and literature of the Mari people was the creative work of Valerian Michailovich Vasiliev (1883-1961). He dedicated a lot of time and effort to the edition of the first Mari calendars and school textbooks. The majority of his poems are the moral fables, exposing these or those vices and defects, criticizing illiteracy and ignorance. Vasiliev’s interest in folk creative work was so big that in his collection of novels “The Mari stories” (1909) prevailed folk tales and fairy tales. He borrowed some stories from the Russian literature, which in his translation, sounded in the merely Mari spirit. V.M. Vasiliev compiled and published ABC-books, dictionaries, reading books for national schools. The life of V.M. Vasiliev had much in common with the life of one more Mari teacher, scientist, linguist, journalist, writer and poet – Karamzin Gury Gavrilovich (1882-1938), whose literary pen name was G. Evain. In 1908-1912 Evain was working hard at compiling readers for national schools. Most of the texts were borrowed from the textbooks written by K. Ushinsky, L. Tolstoy, V. Vodovozov. His reader, published in 1914, as well as “The first book” by P. Glezdenev, “The second book” by V. Vasiliev and “The third book” by S. Chavain made a great contribution not only to the Mari pedagogics, but also to the Mari literature. The first step in the development of the Mari poetry is connected with the name of Gerasimov Michail Stepanovich (1885-1944) or G. Mikai. In 1924 he was awarded the title of the Hero of Labour for his tireless work in the field of public education. The social significance of Mikai’s poetry was in the fact that he was the exponent of the advanced ideas of that time, he glorified fight and labour, praised love for Motherland, called for active struggle against racial oppression. One of the prominent Mari poets was Nikolai Semenovich Mukhin (1890-1937). The image of a hard-working man goes through all creative work of N. Mukhin. After 1917 he published a number of books, poems, plays, stories, where the author depicted the awakening of the native people to a new constructive life.
Ex.2. Read the text and do the tasks after it |