Директор Филиала двфу в г. Находке
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Вариант 3GOLD Gold prices hit a 20-year low on September 23, 1999. at $255 an ounce. Within days, gold prices gathered momentum and peaked at $340. What caused this dramatic change? The rise in price and improvement in sentiment were triggered by a joint statement on official gold holdings by the European Central Bank (ECB) and 14 central banks on September, 24, 1999. According to this statement, gold will remain an important element of global monetary reserves, and the central banks have undertaken to restrict their annual sales to 400 tons under a harmonized five – year program. This declaration of intent should continue to have a positive effect on gold prices because central banks are by far the largest holders of gold. About 30,000 tons of gold are stored in central bank vaults, the equivalent of almost 13 years’ output. The potential sale of a large part of the banks’ holdings was a serious impediment to any advance in gold prices. From 1934 to 1971 the United States maintained a policy of buying and selling gold at a fixed price of $35 per ounce. This standard prevailed until the Nixon administration suspended the dollar’s convertibility into gold in 1971. since then, the value of gold has been determined by market forces. In the 1970s the price of gold zoomed upward and peaked in 1980 at $612 an ounce before slipping to $308 in 1984. In 1990 its price was $383 and it finished the decade at less than $300. the causes of this anemic performance were low inflation, gold’s declining role as a monetary standard, and central bank sales. These factors have all combined to keep a lid on gold prices. Although estimates can be made of changes in supply, predicting demand is much more difficult. In 1998 more than 80% of the gold produced was used for decorative purposes, 7% for industrial use, and 12% for private investment holdings. Gold has traditionally been a barometer for confidence in political and currency stability. When inflation heats up, demand for gold increases. Purchases of gold also surge when political events take a serious turn, although this response has been muted in recent years. Finally, high interest rates on money market instruments and securities make them more attractive as investments than gold because its ownership yields no interest, all of these factors make forecasting gold prices very difficult. How to purchase gold. If an investor wants to buy gold to ensure against economic instability or to diversify holdings, there are six major avenues that can be pursued: mutual funds, gold stocks, coins, bullion, futures contracts and options. Many gold stocks are available on the exchanges as well as over the counter. Because of the uncertainty about gold’s future price, one should invest in only the more efficient producers. There also are mutual funds that invest in the stocks of gold – mining companies. Gold coins are issued by several governments, which guarantee their gold content. These coins come in various weights and sizes some have a pure gold content while others consist of gold mixed with copper. Gold coins are sold at prices that reflect their gold value plus a premium of from 5% to 8%. The most prominent gold coins are the American Gold Eagle, South African Krugerrand, Canadian Maple Leaf, Austrian 100 Corona and the Gold Mexican 50 Peso. Gold bullion comes in many sizes, ranging from a tiny wafer to 400 – ounce bars. Most investors do not actually take physical possession of the bullion. Instead, they purchase a certificate of ownership that indicates the gold is on deposit in a bank. Certificates can be purchased from certain banks, large brokerage houses and recognized dealers. Gold futures contracts are speculations that provide tremendous leverage. Typically, the cash requirements are 4% to 10% per contract. If the price falls, the investor is susceptible to a margin call for more cash or collateral. This strategy should be used only by experienced traders familiar with the risk involved. Gold options do not face the possibility of margin calls. Maximum risk is defined by the premium paid for the option. Like futures, the leverage is high and the profit potential large. However, as with futures, most speculators in options lose money. Контрольное задание №4  Вариант 1I. Read and translate the text. ПРОЦЕНТНЫЕ CTABKИ - INTEREST RATES The Bank's influence on short term interest rates arises from its role in the domestic money markets. As banker to the government and to the banks, the Bank is able to forecast fairly accurately the pattern of flows between the government's accounts on the one hand and the commercial banks on the other, and acts on a daily basis to smooth out the imbalances which arise. When more money flows from the banks to the government than vice versa, the banks' holdings of liquid assets are run down and the money market finds itself short of funds. When more money flows the other way, the market can be in cash surplus, but the pattern of government and bank operations usually results in a shortage of cash in the market each day - a shortage which the Bank then relieves. Because the Bank is thus, on a day-to-day basis, the final provider of liquidity to the system, it can choose the interest rate at which it will provide funds each day. Rather than deal directly with every individual bank, the Bank uses the discount houses as an intermediary. These are highly-specialized dealers who hold large stocks of commercial bills and with whom the major banks place their surplus cash. The discount houses have borrowing facilities at the Bank. The Bank may provide cash either by purchasing securities from the houses, or by lending to them direct. The rates at which the 'Bank deals with the discount houses are quickly passed on through the financial system, influencing interest rates for the whole economy. When the Bank changes its dealing rate, the commercial banks promptly change their own base rates from which deposit and lending rates arc calculated. II. Answer the questions.
III. Write if the following statements are true or false.
4. The commercial banks change their own base rates when the Bank changes its dealing rate. IV. Find English equivalents in the text. Запасы ликвидных активов, излишек наличности, дефицит наличности, посредник, покупать, считать, средства, базовая ссудная ставка, учетный дом, ценные бумаги. V. List all the words you can from the table and use in suitable blanks in the sentences.
Вариант II
ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ БАНКА BANK ORGANIZATION The way in which a bank is organized and operates is determined by its objectives and by the type of economy in which it conducts its business. A bank may not, necessarily be in business to make a profit. Central banks, for example, provide a county with a number services, while development banks exist to increase the economic growth of a country and raise the living standard of its population. On the other hand, the aim of commercial banks is to earn profits. They therefore provide and develop services that be sold at a price that will yield. A commercial bank which provides the same range of services year after year is less likely to be successful than one which assesses changes in the demand for it products and which tries to match products to its customer's needs. New services are constantly being introduced and developed by commercial banks, and the full-service philosophy of many banks means that they are akin to financial supermarkets, offering a wide variety of services. However, not every bank may want to offer every kind of financial service. Many banks offer a combination of wholesale and retail banking. The former provides large-scale services to companies, government agencies and other banks. The latter mainly provides smaller-scale services to the general public. Both types of banking have three essential functions, which are:
These three functions are the basis of the services offered by banks. They make it possible for banks to generate profits and to achieve their operating aims. Several factors have combined to make banking an international business. These include the growth of multinational companies and of international capital markets, the increased competition between the banks themselves, and important improvements in communications and transportation. The major banks of the world have established extensive international operations by acquiring banks in other countries, by extending their own branch network abroad and by establishing correspondent relationships with foreign banks so as to develop profitable joint operations. The operations of these major commercial banks are dynamic and rapidly changing, and their organization is of a global nature. II. Answer the questions.
4. What does the wholesale bank provide to companies, government agencies and other banks? III. Write if these statements are true or false. And if they are false write why.
IV. Find English equivalents in the text. повышать уровень жизни, предоставлять крупномасштабные услуги, спрос на продукцию, давать (приносить) прибыль, конкуренция, приобретать (покупать) банки, расширять сеть филиалов заграницей, оптовые банковские операции, цели. V. List all the words you can from the table and use in suitable blanks in the sentences.
Вариант III I. Read and translate the text. АНГЛИЙСКИЙ БАНК THE BANK OF ENGLAND The Bank of England does business with many international institutions and central banks of many countries keep their accounts there. .It advises banks, companies and governments. This Bank has three main functions in England. 1. It holds the central accounts of the Government - the accounts of HM chequer and of the National Loans Fund. Any money received or paid out by the central government goes through these accounts. It arranges short – term borrowing of money for the government. It manages the government's stocks. There are nearly 200 types of stock with a nominal value of 20, 000, 000, 000 The Bank issues the stocks, keeps a list of the three million stockholders and pays out the dividends. It manages the Exchange Equalization Account. This means making sure the exchange value of sterling does not change too much. It controls the country's reserves of gold and foreign currencies and administers the Exchange Control Regulations. 2. It acts as the principal bank for all the other banks, e.g. Lloyds, Bar clays, Midland. They all keep a large amount of their cash in the Bank of England. It has close relations with the Committee of London Clearing Banks and the British Banker's Association, the Stock Exchange and the insurance industry. 3. Only the Bank of England can issue notes. Until 1931 it was possible to take a bank note to the Bank of England and exchange it for the same amount of gold. Nowadays, tire value of a bank note does not depend-on gold, but on a complicated system of government securities. II. Answer the questions.
Ш. Write if the following statements are true or false? 1. The Exchange Equalization Account controls the country's reserves of gold and foreign currencies.
IV. Give English equivalents from the text. Иметь счет в банке, национальный заёмный фонд, краткосрочная ссуда(заём), меновая стоимость, выпускать банкноты, тесные связи, государственные ценные бумаги, фондовая биржа. V. List all the words you can from the table and use in suitable blanks in the sentences.
1. In the 1960s there was a sharp rise of the number of women seeking____.
Вариант IV I. Read and translate the text. ИНВЕСТИЦИИ INVESTMENT If you do not spend all your income - your monthly salary or weekly wages with any other earnings such as fees, interest or dividends - you will have some money left over to save. What can you do with this money? You can simply put it in a box under the bed of course but it is more sensible to make your money earn more money for you. To do this, you can put it into a deposit account at the Post Office. In this way it will earn interest for you. Rates of interest fluctuate (go up and down) but your money is secure - except of course against inflation, which reduces the value and purchasing power of money in the economy as a whole. Another thing you can do is to invest in a building society where the interest rate may be a little better than in a bank. A building society is a firm which lends money to people who want to buy property. If you want to buy your own house, for instance, you take out a mortgage with the society and repay the loan at, say, 10% per annum over 30 years. In addition, you can invest directly in a commercial company by buying shares in it. Once or twice a year you will receive a statement from the company and if the company has done well, a cheque. This money is your dividend and it increases if the company's profits rise and decreases if they fall. The centre of stockbroking (buying and selling stocks' and shares) is the Stock Exchange in the City of London (often referred to simply as 'the City). On a weekday the City is crowded with "typical Englishmen" wearing bowler" hats and carrying umbrellas; at the weekend it is dead and empty. Very few people live in this famous square mile round St. Paul's Cathedral and the Bank of England. II. Answer the question.
III. Write if the following statements are true or false
IV. Give English equivalents from the text. тратить доход, зарабатывать проценты, покупательская способность денег, собственность (имущество), погашать заём, получать ссуду, покупать и продавать акции, получать отчет. V. List all the words you can from the table and use in suitable blanks in the sentences.
5. The name given to the change from private to public ownership is__________has been a strong political force 6. In the last twenty years_______has been a strong political force leading to the formation of many new nations.
Вариант V I. Read and translate the text. ДОРОЖНЫЕ ЧЕКИ TRAVELLER'S CHEQUES When travelling abroad it is always wise to carry your money in traveller's cheques because cheques are protected against loss or theft. If your cheques are lost or stolen the issuing authority will refund your money. Not only are they safe, they are also convenient. They are available in different denominations and different currencies and they can be cashed at most banks throughout the world. Most shops, hotels and restaurants also accept them. To obtain traveller's cheques you usually.go to your bank. They can be paid for in cash or debited to your account. Large amounts, however, must be ordered in advance. For the safety and convenience of traveller's cheques you are charged two commissions. An insurance commission (usually 1%) when you buy them and an encashment commission (this varies) when you cash them. They are very easy to use. When you collect them you sign each chegue once. The cashier may enter the amount in your passport. When you cash them you sign each cheque again. The cashier will usually ask to see your passport again too. It is advisable to make a note of the serial number and denomination of cheque in case they are lost or stolen. Keep this separate from the cheques. II. Answer the question.
III. Write if the following statements are true or false?
IV. Give English equivalents from the text. возмещать деньги, купюра (как номинал денег), взымать комиссионные, комиссионное вознаграждение за получение наличными деньгами, подписывать чек, дебетовать на счет, записывать сумму, валюта. V. List all the words you can from the table and use in suitable blanks in the sentences.
1. His opinion is highly___________.
4. The commission decided to_________ the national currency. МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Дальневосточный федеральный университет»
КОНТРОЛЬНО-ИЗМЕРИТЕЛЬНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ
г. Находка 2012 Variant 1Test1. I cannot find any reason for her _______ that everybody was looking forward to ______ her. Although the hostess was no more than polite with her, but still, she has no excuse for ______ in that manner, even ______ that she was not a welcome guest. A. think, see, behave, find out B. thinking, see, behaving, finding out C. to think, see, behaving, finding out D. thinking, seeing, behaving, finding out 2. Despite_____ growing industrial activity, ____ majority of _____ American people continued to make their living ______ until ____ beginning of ____ 20th century. A. of, the, –, on farming, –, the B. –, –, –, from farming, the, the C. –, the, the, from farming, the, the D. of, the, the, from farming, the, the 3. He _____ in office for only a few months. However, he _____ much more than any of his predecessors. A. has been, has achieved B. was, achieved C. had been, achieved D. was, has achieved 4. He explained that he _____ a lot of money and that he ____ with his wife, too. _____ seemed to upset him more than ______. A. lost, quarrelled, the former, the latter B. had lost, had quarrelled, the first, the last C. lost, quarrelled, the first, the last D. had lost, had quarrelled, the former, the latter 5. Congress insisted that the present law _______. A. was enforced B. enforce C. be enforced D. to be enforced 6. Phil was known _____ an unfortunate man. A. being B. be C. as to be D. to be 7. Brown eyes are said _____ the mark of a weak character. But _____ him, I _____ say that. A. being, knowing, wouldn’t B. to be, knowing, wouldn’t C. to be, known, mustn’t D. to be, knowing, mustn’t 8. Nobody can explain, why she _____ to touch upon the matter yesterday night. She______ that the whole subject was too dangerous to discuss _____ night. A. decided, ought to have known, at B. decided, ought to have known, in C. decided, ought to know, at D. decided, ought to know, in 9. How _____ you go out by yourself after the orders I gave you? A. should B. might C. dare D. must 10. Still Beatrice had taken the trouble to go up to London and to buy the book for me. She _____ that if she _____ me. A. wouldn’t do, dislikes B. wouldn’t have done, disliked C. will not do, dislikes D. wouldn’t do, had disliked 11. But for the restless brightness of his black eyes, his fleshless face ______ like the face of a mummy. A. would have looked B. looked C. must look D. would look 12. A number of cars _____ just before the building, though the number of cars parked on the lot _____ small. A. were parked, were B. was parked, were C. were parked, was D. was parked, was 13. ______ dishonesty by the media, the Minister decided to resign. A. accused in B. accused of C. accusing of D. accusing in 14. Before _____ the President, the press _____ warned ____ awkward questions. A. meeting, was, not asking B. meeting, were, don’t ask C. to meet, was, not asking D. meeting, were, not to ask 15. Not until moon and stars faded away and streaks of daylight began to appear, did Meitje Brinker and Hans look hopelessly into ______ face. A. each other’s B. each other C. each’s other D. each others’ 16. ______ received a letter from her. _____ did he. An hour ago he took the letters from the gilt wire cage. They had been thrust through the slit in the door. _____ from Irene. A. none, neither, none B. nobody, either, no one C. nobody, neither, none D. none, neither, no one 17. The colony of New Netherlands, _____ in 1621 by the Dutch, came under English rule and _____ New York. A. was founded, was renamed B. founded, renamed C. founded, was renamed D. was founded, renamed 18. Corn, the most important plant ______, first _____ around 2,500 B.C., when desert tribes _____ agriculture. A. be cultivated, had appeared, developed B. to be cultivated, appeared, developed C. to be cultivated, appeared, had been developing D. to be cultivated, had appeared, had been developing 19. Recently, _____ island of _____ Hawaii _____ the subject of intense research _____ the occurrence of earthquakes. So far, no definite results _____ _____ the matter. A. the, –, has been, on, have been achieved, on B. –, –, was, of, were achieved, on C. –, the, has been, of, have been achieved, in D. the, the, has been, on, have been achieved, on 20. Until Charles IX _____ the Gregorian calendar in the 16th century ______ always _____ on April 1st in France, instead of January 1st. A. adopted, the New Year’s Day, was celebrated B. had adopted, New Year Day, had been celebrated C. adopted, New Year’s Day, was celebrated D. adopted, New Year’s Day, had been celebrated Text | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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