Методические указания по выполнению практических заданий и самостоятельной работы для обучающихся всех форм обучения, специальностей спо составитель
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IV. Give the corresponding English equivalents from the text: важный фактор, молодёжная организация, после Второй Мировой войны, всех социальных групп, серьёзная проверка качеств, помогать старикам, безработица, проблема наркомании, найти общий язык с родителями, оказывать давление, полное непонимание, пренебрегать своими детьми, частная жизнь. V. Give advice in the following using the verb should (have). 1. My eyes are tired. 2. They quarreled last night. 3. My life is hectic. 4. Bess’s boyfriend is too young. 5. What a horrible film! 6. Jack thinks his girl is light-minded. 7. Mr. Snow has gone bankrupt. 8. The roses have faded. 9. I caught a cold last week. 10. Now I’m coughing and sneezing. 11. The police are helpless in this case. 12. I have developed a splitting headache. 13. I haven’t been getting enough sleep lately. 14. She’s been eating only one meal a day. 15. This is my sixth cup of coffee this evening. VI. Read the text and translate it. If you’ve ever had any experience of the same kind, speak about it. THE WAY TO FLORENCE I went on the world’s slowest train to Florence. It limped across the landscape like a runner with a pulled muscle, and it had no buffet. At first it was crowded, but as afternoon gave way to evening and evening merged into the inkiness of night, there were fewer and fewer of us left, until eventually it was a businessman buried in paperwork and me. Every two or three miles the train stopped at some darkened station where no train had stopped for weeks, where grass grew on the platforms and where no one got on and no one got off. Sometimes the train would come to a halt in the middle of nowhere, in the black countryside, and just sit. It would sit for so long that you began to wonder if the driver had gone off into the surrounding fields for a pee and fallen down a well. After a time the train would roll backwards for perhaps thirty yards, then stop and sit again. Then suddenly, with a mightly whoomp that made the carriage rock and the windows sound as if they were about to implode, a train on the parallel line would fly past. Bright lights would flash by — you could see people in there dining and playing cards, having a wonderful time, moving across Europe at the speed of a laser — and then all would be silent again and we would sit for another eternity before our train gathered the energy to creep onwards to the next desolate station. It was well after eleven when we reached Florence. (after B. Bryson) VII. Independent work: 1.Семантизация лексического материала. 2. Активизация грамматического материала: модальные глаголы. 2. Подготовить проекта по теме . Подготовиться к участию в дискуссии. Unit 3 Winter sport. I. Learn the words below: bobsled – бобслей luge – лыжный спорт skeleton – скелетон single – одиночное (катание) pairs – парное (катание) curling – кёрлинг skalom – слалом II. Read and translate the text. Winter Olympic Sports for 2018 The 15 sports of the Winter Olympics are categorized into three main categories: (1) ice sports, (2) alpine, skiing and snowboarding events, and (3) Nordic events. In each of these sports categories there are more specific events as listed. Ice Sports Bobsled (Two-man, Two woman and Four-man) Luge Skeleton Ice Hockey Figure Skating (Men's singles, Ladies' singles, Pairs, Team and Ice Dancing) Speed Skating Short Track Speed Skating (500m, 1,000m, 1,500 m and Relays) Curling Alpine, Skiing and Snowboarding Events Alpine Skiing (Downhill, Super G, Giant slalom, Slalom, Super Combined) Freestyle Skiing (Aerials, Moguls, Ski Cross, Ski halfpipe and Ski slopestyle) Snowboarding (Parallel Giant Slalom, Halfpipe and Snowboard Cross and Slopestyle) Nordic Events Biathlon (combining cross-country skiing and target shooting: individual, sprint, pursuit, mass start & relay events) Cross-Country Skiing (individual and team sprint, freestyle, pursuit, classical and relays) Ski Jumping Nordic Combined (ski jumping and cross country skiing) Discontinued Sports and Events Here are just some of the sports or events that were once part of the Winter Olympics. See more on discontinued Winter Olympic Sports. Military patrol (a precursor to the biathlon) was a medal sport in 1924. It was also a demonstration sport in 1928, 1936 and 1948. In figure skating, an event called Men's special figures was on the program only once in 1908. Alpinism - an Olympic Prize for Alpinism was awarded in 1924, 1932 and 1936 for the most notable alpinism (mountaineering) feat accomplished during the previous four years. Demonstration sports The following sports have been part of the Winter Olympic program as a demonstration sport at some stage. See more on Demonstration Winter Olympic Sports. Skijöring (skiing behind horses): 1928. Winter Pentathlon (X-country & downhill skiing/pistol/fencing/horse riding) 1948 Dog Sled Racing: 1932 Curling: 1932 & 1988 Ice stock sport (a German variant to curling): 1936 & 1964. Military Patrol: (Led to Biathlon in 1960) 1928,1936,1948 Bandy: (Soccer on ice) 1952 Short track speed skating started as a demonstration sport in 1988, before becoming a full sport from 1992 onwards. Speed skiing: 1992 Disabled events in alpine (1984 and 1988) and Nordic skiing (1988 only) Synchronized skating: 2002 Snowshoeing: 2002 Freestyle Skiing - Aerials (1988), Moguls (1988, 1992) and Ski Ballet (1988, 1992) Furture Sports There are always a number of sports or events that are lobbying to be included on the Winter Olympic Games program. Such sports include: Team alpine skiing, Ski mountaineering, Ski-orienteering, Winter triathlon (involving running, mountain biking and cross-country skiing all on snow), and Bandy. Other Winter Sports Trivia There are four Winter Olympic Games Sports that are held indoors: Speed skating, figure skating, curling, and ice hockey. Two sports have mixed events (in which males and females compete together): figure staking and luge. Only one sport is for males only: Nordic Combined. More about women at the Winter Olympics. Cross-country skiing, figure skating, ice hockey, nordic combined, ski jumping, and speed skating have been on the program at every Winter Olympics since 1924. There were reports of Bandy being added to the sports program in 2014, but the IOC rejected their submission. Instead, Sochi will host the 2014 Bandy World Championships during the Olympics. III. Tell about the most interesting winter sport (in your opinion) IV. Use the right form of the verbs in brackets. 1. This man (know) from his experience what it (mean). 2. Nothing (happen) by accident. 3. As man (grow) older, he (tend) to be more sceptical. 4. My mother often (tell) me that you not (leave) your problems behind you when you (go) to another place. Pain and heartache (travel) well. And indeed they (do). 5. Mrs. Osborne (own) this business, and she (run) it herself. 6. He (be) a complete mystery to me. 7. What he (do) for a living? 8. In Rome every building (tell) its own story. 9. When the weather (heat) up and you (need) to cool down, a lake, a river, a pool — is what your body and soul (need). 10. My great-grandmother is very old, but she (hear, see and understand) everything quite well. 11. I (remember) that Margaret (own) a villa on the Adriatic. 12. “The Bible (say) that the heart of man is exceedingly wicked,” the Pastor replied. V. Read the following proverbs and sayings and give their Russian equivalents. 1. A stitch in time saves nine. 2. A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 3. A good wife makes a good husband. 4. A man is known by the company he keeps. 5. A lawyer never goes to law himself. 6. A civil question deserves a civil answer. 7. Time heals all wounds. 8. It takes three generations to make a gentleman. 9. He calls a goose a swan. 10. The more a man knows the more modest he is. 11. An apple a day keeps wrinkles away. 12. Big fish eat little fish. 13. He laughs best who laughs last. 14. He who laughs last, laughs longest. VI. Read the following. Agree or disagree with what is written. You might be a computer nerd (swot) if: 1. your Web page is more popular than you. 2. you think Bill Gates is a “cool guy”. 3. you wake at 3 a.m. to go to the bathroom and, on your way back to bed, you stop to check your e-mail. 4. you’ve never actually met any of your friends. 5. the optician looks deep into your eyes and sees a screen saver. 6. you’d prefer to buy Computer Weekly than Playboy. 7. you’ve read more books over the Internet than in real life. 8. your dog has its own home page. 9. you can’t speak to your mother because she doesn’t have a modem. 10. you name your daughter Dotcom. 11. you spend a plane trip with your laptop on your lap and your child in the overhead baggage compartment. 12. when someone yells out, “Where’s Tommy?”, you do a search for tommy.com. 13. you run back into your burning home to rescue your computer rather than your family. a nerd — US sl. a dull, uninteresting person a swot — Br infml. a person who works (too) hard at his studies VII. Translate into English the text Зимние виды спорта проводятся обычно на снегу или на льду. Основные соревнования по ним проходят в холодное время года, чаще всего зимой, особенно по тем видам, турниры по которым проходят на открытом воздухе и зависят прежде всего от естественных условий. Однако, по хоккею чемпионаты мира проводятся поздней весной, так как они проходят в помещениях и от естественных условий почти не зависят. VII. Independent work: 1.Семантизация лексического материала. Активизация грамматического материала: настоящее совершённое время. 2. Подготовить проект по теме “My favorite winter sport” . Подготовиться к участию в дискуссии. 3. Изучить материал по теме в сети интернет. Unit 4 Broadcast media I. Learn the words below: designating – указывающий urban areas – городские территории consumer society – потребительское общество yellow journalism's – жёлтая пресса scope – рамки, база broadcast media – средства вещания to evolve – раскручивать interrelated – взаимосвязанный German restrictions on Jews – преследование евреев в Германии Great Depression – Великая Депрессия сonsolidation – единение cartoonistе – мультипликатор columnist – обозреватель emphasis – выразительность II. Read and translate the text. Newspapers in a Modern World The year 1920 marks the line designating when a majority of Americans lived in urban areas. The United States was changing, and news adapted to the modern urban, technological, consumer society. The years since the era of yellow journalism's sensationalism had seen an end to the massive growth in the number of newspapers, although circulation continued to grow. The industry had stabilized, advertising had become national in scope, reporters were becoming higher educated and more professional, and the ownership of newspapers by chains and groups became more common, a trend that continued into the twenty-first century. Newspapers gained new competitors in broadcast media. Newsreels in theaters provided an alternative in presenting news, with moving pictures of events. The growth of the advertising industry pushed the United States toward a consumer society and greater use of brand names, and a professional public relations industry developed. Newspaper content continued to evolve, especially in the 1930s. Competition pushed newspapers beyond presenting only the facts. Journalists sought to put facts into context. Newspaper content and style became interrelated, and the industry moved toward interpretation, photos, political columns, weekly review of news, and faster, more efficient technology in gathering, printing, and distributing news. Full-time columnists and editorial writers became more common. It was a time of journalism of synthesis, as newspapers attempted to add to the news via such techniques as daily and weekly interpretive news summaries, like the New York Times "Week in Review" section. Consolidation of mainstream papers continued, and President Franklin D. Roosevelt attacked what he called the "monopoly press." Roosevelt's antagonism toward the press had long-term ramifications as he started regular radio chats to bypass reporters. With the Great Depression afflicting most people, the alternative and socialist press thrived, especially social action newspapers like Dorothy Day's Catholic Worker, an influential alternative voice that actively opposed U.S. involvement in World War II, costing it much of its circulation. The war emphasized some of the weaknesses and strengths of American newspapers. Their lack of coverage overseas left Americans unprepared for the strength of the Axis forces, and they have taken some justified criticism over the years for the lack of reporting on German restrictions on Jews during this period. But the war also emphasized newspapers' strength in their ability to change as needed. During the war the number of correspondents blossomed, and they reported in a vast variety of styles, ranging from the solid hard news of the wire services; through personal journalism like that of Ernie Pyle, one of an estimated forty-nine correspondents killed in action; to cartoonists like Bill Mauldin, whose "Willie" and "Joe" debated the war; to photographers like Joe Rosenthal, whose photo of the flag raising on the Pacific island of Iwo Jima symbolized American success. Federal authorities censored and attempted to control newspapers, especially the black press, which had more than doubled its circulation between 1933 and 1940 to 1.3 million people. J. Edgar Hoover's Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) had monitored the black press since World War I and was concerned because it was becoming increasingly militant on racial matters. The growth of the big three black newspapers, the Courier, the Afro-American, and the Defender, changed the black press from small, low-circulation southern newspapers to mass-circulation, highly influential northern ones. During World War II the black press was investigated by seven government agencies, and an eighth, the War Production Board, was accused of cutting newsprint supplies to black newspapers. Wildly popular among African Americans was the Courier's Double V platform, standing for "victory abroad [on the battlefield] and victory at home" over racial restrictions. Much of the press faced a chill from government regulation and the public in the Cold War period following World War II. The Smith Act (1940), the nation's first peacetime sedition act since 1801, prohibited advocacy of the violent overthrow of the government. It was rarely used before 1949, when public opinion turned violently anticommunist. Twelve journalists were indicted. Many newspapers, now facing severe competition from television for advertising dollars, turned right along with the nation. Although a lonely few remained on the left, newspapers still attracted congressional anticommunist investigations. Though some questioned Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy from the start of his anticommunist crusade, he easily manipulated most American newspapers and wire services. McCarthy followed a pattern of launching vague charges shortly before deadlines so they could not be questioned. The growing disenchantment with newspapers by the public during the Cold War intensified during the tumultuous 1960s and 1970s as a generational divide among Americans was duplicated in newsrooms. Young reporters pushed editors to challenge authority on such controversial topics as civil rights, the counterculture, and antiwar activities. New forms of journalism included personalized and activist reporting, which led to even more public dissatisfaction with newspapers. The "new journalism" and criticism by government figures caused a steep decline in public respect for the media accompanied by circulation declines. In 1968 the pollster George Gallup reported that the media had never been as poorly regarded by the public. Then came Watergate. The press reported events in the investigation of a break-in by Republican operatives at the Democratic Party national headquarters in Washington's Watergate Hotel that culminated in the resignation of President Richard Nixon in 1974, and public dissatisfaction with the press grew. Nixon's popularity had reached a peak of 68 percent after a Vietnam peace treaty was signed in 1973, and many Americans felt the media was out of touch. The growing use of computers dramatically changed how newspapers were produced, with significant savings in labor and improvement in quality. Computers added depth to coverage and increased the use of color and graphics, especially after the 1980s. Serious reporting during Watergate was notable, as was the courage of the New York Times, the Washington Post, and the St. Louis Post-Dispatch in publishing the Pentagon Papers, a secret report detailing governmental decisions during the Vietnam War. Continued newspaper consolidation coupled with more media companies going public resulted, in the view of many, in a thirst for high profit margins and caused continued concern in the industry, especially as the number of independent metropolitan dailies declined to fewer than the fingers on one hand by the beginning of the twenty-first century. Circulation actually was rising, but at a rate far less than that of the population. In an attempt to reverse the circulation weakness, the industry turned to consultants. A study in 1979 for the American Society of Newspaper Editors changed the kinds of news covered. It spotlighted as hot areas economic news, business news, financial news, health news, personal safety, technology, and international news. Many newspapers changed to include more of those areas, cutting coverage of more traditional areas, such as government. Other studies added to the changes in news focus, and the influence of market research reached its peak with the founding in 1982 of USA Today, a five-day-a-week national newspaper published by Gannett Corporation behind the guiding light of its chairman Allen Neuharth. Gannett's research indicated that readers wanted short stories that would not "jump" (would not continue on another page). Readers liked sports, charts, and graphs and wanted information presented in ways that could be absorbed quickly. The paper's success led many other newspapers, especially those with continued readership weakness, to copy the USA Today formula. After Neuharth's retirement, USA Today changed some of its emphasis and by the twenty-first century was garnering the journalists' praise that had eluded it earlier. The new century found the newspaper industry in the same position as at the founding of the nation, facing uncertainty and change. New challenges to its prime product, news, came from the Internet and all-news cable television channels. Most newspapers established online publications, but as with the Internet in general, few had figured out how to make a consistent profit. Change started the newspaper story, and change ends it. III. Tell about your favorite newspaper or columnist. |
