9. Методические указания для обучающихся по освоению дисциплины
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VOCABULARY: saying — noговорка, пословица wisdom —мудрость to introduce — npeдставить first name —имя family name — фамилия second name — отчество represent — npeдставить actually — вooбще, практически to consist of — состоятьиз experiences — oпыт to communicate — oбщаться exciting — волнующий admire – восхищаться, любоваться adore — o6oжать sense – чувство assure - заверять cope — cnpaвляться spend (spent, spent) – проводить, тратить tо stroll — прогyливаться, бpoдить be fond оf – увлекаться bekeenon - очень сильно любить cook — готовить пищу, стряпать involve – включать в себя ancient – древний coin — монета huge – oгpoмный, бoльшой praise — xвaлить, превозносить birth - рождение outstanding — выдающийся inherit - наследовать remarkable – замечательный honest - честный kind-hearted – добросердечный advice — coвeт toallow — позволять, разрешать frankly — чecтно generous – щедрый, великодушный falsehood — ложь, неправда modest — скромный, робкий shy – робкий, застенчивый trick— обманывать kid – надувать, высмеивать inspiteof - несмотря tokeep (kept, kept) secret — xpaнить секрет let (let, let) smb. down — подводитького-л. offence — oбидa QUESTIONS: 1. What is your first name? 2. What is your second name? 3. What is your family name? 4. Is your family large? 5. What are your father's and my mother's names? 6. How old is your father? 7. How old is your mother? 8. Who is your father by profession? 9. Do you enjoy spending time with your family? 10. What hobby do you have? 11. How old are your? 12. What kind of person are you? 13. What people don't you like? 14. What family traditions do you have? 15. What do you love your parents for? 16. How often do you see your grandparents? 17. Do you have problems with your parents? Tell the group about your family using the following words and word combination: getmarried – жениться, выходить замуж tobemarried – быть женатым / замужем bring up – воспитывать get into college, University - поступить Be a first-year student – бытьпервокурсником Nephew - племянник Niece – племянница go to kindergarten – ходитьвдетсад be single - одинокий grown-up - взрослый A small/ large family Be alive – бытьживым Die / pass away – умереть be unlike - To be dead – бытьмертвым get divorced - развестись bedivorced – быть разведенным еlder (theeldest) – старше, самый старший Young (younger, theyoungest) – молодой (моложе, самый молодой) MY WORKING DAY I’m a student. Mу working dау begins early. I always get up at 7 o’clock. Before I leave for the Institute I have а lot of things to dо. First of all I dо mу morning ехеrcises. I like dоing my morning exercises to music. Then I gо to the bathroom where I wash, clean my teeth аnd dress. I put on my trousers, (jeans, skirt) shirt, knitted jacket1 (T-shirt, leggings2). I prefer dark (bright /quiet3) colours. At half past seven I аm rеаdу to have breakfast. I prefer porridge (omelet, muesli, cornflakes), some bread and butter4 or an open sandwich, a glass of juice (a cup of coffee black or white, tea). While having breakfast I often listen to the latest news on the radio or look through the newspapers. At 8 о'clock I leave home for the Institute. As I live far from the institute I go there by bus оr by trolleybus5. It usually takes mе half аn hour6 to get there. I’m never late. I always cоmе to the Institute in time. Between сlasses we have short breaks. At ll.40 we have а twenty minute’s break fоr lunch. I usually have lunch in the dining-room of our institute which is full of students at this time. As a rule we have three periods a day. They are lесtures, seminars and lab works. Classes are over 1.30 (half past one) or at 3.10 (ten past 3). If I have no meetings I go home. Sometimes I stay at the Institute if I have I some social work to do. Sometimes I stay at the Institute because I need a bооk or an article which I can only get in the reading room of our library. After classes I go home and sometimes when the weather’s fine I walk. Walking gives me energy. I live with my parents and a brother (roommates7). The house is always (un)tidy. We take turns8 to clean the flat/ to do shopping/ to do the laundry9 / to cook meals / to water plants / to walk the dog in the park/to do the ironing10. I’m responsible for shopping, washing up11, vacuuming and carrying the trash out12. When I соmе home I have dinnеr. Dinner is the most substantial meal of the day. My usual dinner consists of some soup (for example cabbage soup or chicken noodle soup) and some main course (spaghetti, mashed potato13, fried or stewed14 fish, cutlets or beefsteak). After such a busy working day at the Institute I like taking а short rest. It usually takes mе about two hоurs to get ready with my home tasks. In the evening I have supper and watch TV. Sometimes if I have time, I go for a walk with my friends or to the сinеmа. I usually gо to bed at ll о'clock (at midnight). SEASONS AND WEATHER There are four seasons in а year: spring, summer, autumn and winter. Spring is the time of hope аnd happiness. Nature is awakening to life again. Trees аre bursting15 in leaf, flowers are breaking into blossom. Spring is а busy season for gardeners who have much to dо in their orchards16. Rainy and warm weather in spring is good. Summer is the hottest season of аll. It is а time of holidays аnd vacation. Реорlе go to the seaside to lie in the sun, to swim in the sea аnd соmе back to their work and studies, healthy аnd full of vitality17. In summer at times the heat is almost unbearable18. But sometimes there are heavy thunderstorms19 in summer. Autumn is the time of harvest20. In September the weather is fine. October аnd November аre rainy. The sky is most overcast21 with low аnd heavy clouds. In October the days are growing rapidly shorter and the sun rays lose their warmth. In November almost аll trees have cast off their leaves and stand there bare and lоnеlу. А short spell of warm pleasant weather in autumn is саllеd Indian Summer22. Winter is the coldest season of аll. In winter though the sun shines, its rays bring little warmth. Nights are long and days are short in winter. In winter the weather is nasty when the wind blows23 violently24аnd the falling snow strikes the face. Winter is the time for skiing, skating, hockey-playing. Оn а fine winter dау snow is falling in large flakes, covering the ground. The streets and parks are аll in white. It's very nice to be in the ореn air. Yet nobody is sorry when winter is over. SPORTS IN OUR LIFE People all over the world are fond of sports and games. Sport makes people healthy, keep them fit, more organized and better disciplined. The most popular sports are field-and-track athletics, football, volleyball, basketball, hockey, gymnastics, skiing and skating. There are a lot of stadiums, sport clubs and sport grounds in our country. In every school pupils spend much time going info sports. First of all they have their physical training lessons. And after the school is over they may train they may train at different sport clubs and sections. From time to time every school organizes competitions in different kinds of sport. The most popular kinds of sport in our school were football, basketball and gymnastics. Some boys were also fond of boxing. In winter we spent much time outdoors, skiing and skating. Boys liked to play hockey. In summer we like swimming most of all, because it makes a man healthy and strong. The national British sports are: football, golf, cricket, lawn tennis, darts and racing. The most popular sport in Britain is football. English people like cricket. It is played in schools, colleges, universities, in most towns and villages. Test matches with other countries are held regularly. Did you see a game last night? Spectator sports in America are an obsession. Many people attend sporting events, listen to sports on the radio, and watch games on television. People of every age, race and class buy sports magazines; the most widely sold is Sports Illustrated. Almost every major newspaper has a sports section. Sports are often a topic of conversation. People talk about game scores, what happened during the game; or predictions about the strategy and success of specific teams and players. Children are encouraged to participate in sports at an early age. There’re children’s baseball, soccer, football, and basketball teams in almost every community. The rivalry between high schools and colleges in sporting events goes right through the school year from football in September to track and field in June. Cheerleaders and bands lead the supporters in rooting for their home team. Sports are important in college. Students who show talent in a sport like tennis, track and field, swimming, football, or basketball can apply for sports scholarships. College football still attracts big crowds today. The best college players are selected by professional teams. ENGLISH MEALS The English usually have 4 meals a day: breakfast, lunch, tea (5 o’clock) and dinner. Breakfast can be a full «English breakfast» of cornflakes with milk and sugar, or bacon and eggs, toast and marmalade, tea or coffee. Some people, however, have just a cup of tea or coffee with a toast or something similar. This is usually called a “continental breakfast”. At midday everything is stopped for lunch. Most offices and small shops are closed for an hour and the city pavements are full of people on their way to cafes, coffee bars, restaurants. Factory workers usually eat in their canteens. The English like what they call “good plain food”. They must be able to recognize what they are eating. Usually they like steak, roast beef, Yorkshire pudding and fish and chips. Afternoon tea is taken at about 5 o’clock, but it can hardly be called a meal. It is a cup of tea and cake or biscuits. At the weekends afternoon tea is a special occasion. Friends and visitors are often invited to have a chat over a cup of tea. Dinner is the most substantial meal of the day. It is usually eaten at 7 o’clock. The first course may be soup (though the English don’t like it very much). The main course will often be fish or meat, perhaps the traditional roast beef of old England, and a lot of vegetables. The next course will be something sweet and often cooked, such as fruit pie. Last of all there may be cheese, often with biscuits. It is common knowledge that the English are very fond of tea. They like to have “a nice cup of tea” 6 or 8 times a day, sometimes even more. On Christmas Day a roast turkey is traditionally cooked for dinner. It is usually followed by Christmas pudding. Long before Christmas housewives begin to plan what cake to make for Christmas. Usually they make fantastic Christmas cakes. VOCABULARY: Christmas Day [‘krisməs ,dei] РождествоХристово (25 декабря) Cornflakes ['kɔːnfleɪks] корнфлекс, кукурузныехлопья bacon and eggs ['beɪk(ə)n] яичницасбеконом toast [təust] хлеб, нарезанный ломтиками и подрумяненный в тостере или на огне marmalade ['mɑːm(ə)leɪd] джем, конфитюр, обычно из апельсинов и лимонов coffeebar ['kɔfɪ] кафетерий restaurant ['restərɔnt] ресторан canteen [kæn'tiːn] столовая plainfood простая пища steak [steɪk] кусок мяса, лангет, бифштекс roastbeef ростбиф Yorkshirepudding ['jɔːkʃə ] йоркширский пудинг (жидкое пресное тесто, которое запекается под куском мяса на рашпере и впитывает стекающий сок) fishandchips рыба с картофелем во фритюре biscuit ['bɪskɪt] печенье, галета specialoccasion [ə'keɪʒ(ə)n] особый случай, событие tohaveachat поговорить, поболтать substantial [səb'stæn(t)ʃ(ə)l] плотный the first course [kɔːs] первоеблюдо soup [suːp] суп last of all наконец, напоследок the main course второеблюдо fruit pie фруктовыйпирог roast turkey ['tɜːkɪ] жаренаяиндейка Christmaspudding рождественский пудинг с изюмом, цукатами и пряностями Supply answers to the following questions: 1. How many meals a day do the English have? 2. What is the traditional English breakfast like? 3. What is usually called a «continental breakfast»? 4. When do the English usually have lunch? 5. Why do the English like what they call “good plain food”? 6. What kind of meal is five o’clock tea in England? 7. What do the English usually prefer to have for dinner? 8. What is the traditional dish for Christmas table? 9. What other dishes are popular in England? Read the extract below. Compare the information given in it with that of the text “English meals” and say what new facts you’ve learned from it. *** There are four meals a day in an English home: breakfast, lunch, tea, and dinner. Breakfast is the first meal of the day. It is at about 8 o’clock in the morning, and consists of porridge with milk and salt or sugar, eggs — boiled or fried, bread and butter with marmalade or jam. Some people like to drink tea, but other prefer coffee. Instead of porridge they may have fruit juice, or they may prefer biscuits. The usual time for lunch is 1 o’clock. This meal starts with soup or fruit juice. Then follows some meat or poultry with potatoes — boiled or fried, carrots and beans. Then a pudding comes. Instead of the pudding they may prefer cheese and biscuits. Last of all coffee — black or white. Englishmen often drink something at lunch. Water is usually on the table. Some prefer juice or lemonade. Tea is the third meal of the day. It is between 4 or 5 o’clock, the so-called 5 o’clock tea. On the table there is tea, milk or cream, sugar, bread and butter, cakes and jam. Friends and visitors are often present at tea. Dinner is the fourth meal of the day. The usual time is about 7 o’clock, and all the members of the family sit down together. Dinner usually consists of soup, fish or meat with vegetables — potatoes, green beans, carrot and cabbage, sweet pudding, fruit salad, ice-cream or cheese and biscuits. Then after a talk they have black or white coffee. This is the order of meals among English families, but the greater part of the people in the towns, and nearly all country-people, have dinner in the middle of the day instead of lunch. They have tea a little later — between 5 and 6 o’clock, and then in the evening, before going to bed, they have supper. So the four meals of the day are either breakfast, dinner, tea, supper; or breakfast, lunch, tea, dinner. REFERENCES: porridge овсянка prefer [prɪ'fɜː] предпочитать carrots морковь poultry ['pəultrɪ] мясоптицы lastofall наконец, напоследок meal еда, трапеза cabbage капуста beans бобы AT THE DOCTOR’S 1. At the Dentist’s It’s not quite a pleasure to go to the dentist’s. I hate drilling25 my tooth. I’m afraid to have my tooth pulled out26 and to feel more dead than alive in the dentist’s armchair. So every time I decide to g to the dentist’s surgery27 the tooth gets better. “That’ll do with the words, open your mouth, don’t move. Open wider.” And he began poking inside my mouth. “This tooth has a big cavity28. I think I can stop it for you. I’ll put a filling29 here. Well, that one we can’t save, it’s too bad to be filled. I’ll have to extract30 it. Don’t be afraid, I’ll give you an injection before and it won’t hurt11 you.” I feel a little prick on the gum, close my eyes with fear. Then a quick pull and the doctor’s voice, “That’s all over. Open your eyes. Here’s your tooth.” I ask him not to throw it away. What for? I’m going to put it on the shelf and watch it ache. I sigh with relief and feeling the happiest return home. 2. The Influenza. Last month many of my schoolmates were absent with colds, they were taken ill with the flue; there was a lot of flue about. This disease begins when one feels feverish31, pain in swallowing32, then the fever33 accompanied by pains in all the body and splitting9 headache. It’s clear you need a medical aid, stay in bed and call for a doctor. Don’t hurry to drop your fever down with pills, it makes its necessary work. Have a plenty of sour drink, juices, tea with lemon. Keep yourself warm and comfortable in bed, have a light diet and more hot milk with soda. Gargle your throat every two-three hours. After few days your temperature completely goes down and you begin coughing and sneezing. Go on gargling, warm your nose, and don’t leave the house not only because there might be complications, but you must remember that the flue is catching34. It requires some time to get rid of a running nose and a hoarse voice. Avoid draughts and continue the treatment. When you’re better, consult the doctor again to make sure in your full recovery. Read the dialog. What are the missing phrases? Learn the dialog by heart! 3. At the Physician’s35 Doctor: 1__________________ What’s the trouble? Patient: I’ve fallen ill with my stomach. I’ve lost my appetite, I’m feeling sick. Sometimes the temperature goes up and then goes down. D: 2____________________ P: 37.2, but I felt as if I were black and blue36 all over. D: 3_____________________ Do you suffer from insomnia (sleeplessness)? P: I’m having a slight headache now, but by the evening it is splitting37 and I can’t fall asleep without … tablets. D: I think they don’t agree with your stomach. Let me feel your pulse. Let’s take your temperature. 4_______________ You have a nasty38 tongue. Now I must examine your stomach. Does it hurt39 here? P: No. D: Have you a pain in this or that place? P: Yes, it’s here, sharp and sudden. D: 5___________________ Breathe40. OK, don’t be so worried. There’s nothing serious. Your stomach is a little out of order. I’ll prescribe you this medicine and you’ll have to have your blood test made as well. Hm…, don’t eat any roast meat and heavy food, eat boiled vegetables, milk puddings. You needn’t keep the bed when you have no temperature, but don’t overtire yourself. If you follow my prescriptions, you’ll recover41 in few days. 6_______________ P: Yes, thank you, doctor, very much. D: 7______________ a. Show me your tongue. e. What’s wrong with you? b. Any complaints of a headache? f. What’s your temperature this morning? c. Do you need a sick-leave42? g. Now I’ll have to listen to your breath. d. Be healthy! GOING GREEN If you go camping in a Canadian national park, you would be told: “Walk lightly on the earth. See but don’t be seen. Hear but don’t be heard. What you carry in, carry out. Take only memories; leave only footprints.” You don’t believe it makes a difference if you leave a little rubbish? This is how long it takes for some rubbish left in park areas to disappear naturally”: Cigarette butts – 1-5 years Aluminium cans – 50 years Glass bottles – 1,000,000 years Plastic bags – 10-20 years Plastic photo-film containers – 20-30 years Nylon fabric – 30-40 years Rubber boots – 50-80 years Orange and banana peels – about 2 years Plastic bottles – indefinitely Here are some more fact you probably didn’t know: • Each year, 1 million sea birds and 100,000 sea mammals are killed as a result of eating or being strangled* in plastic. • The amount of wood and paper we throw away each year is enough to heat 50 million homes for 20 years. • Americans throw away about 40 billion soft drink cans and bottles every year. Placed end to end, they would reach to the Moon and back nearly 20 times. If we all do our best to go green, we can help Mother Earth. |
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