Практическая грамматика английского языка Лариса Романова
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| Практическая грамматика английского языка Лариса Романова 2000 г Айрис Предисловие Сборник упражнений предназначен преподавателям английского языка в школах и вузах, учащимся старших классов, абитуриентам и широкому кругу лиц, изучающих английский язык и желающих повторить основные разделы грамматики. Целью учебного пособия является систематизация знаний, полученных в школе, и подготовка к вступительным экзаменам в высшие учебные заведения. Пособие содержит упражнения, охватывающие следующие разделы грамматики английского языка: артикль, имя существительное, имя прилагательное, местоимение, наречие, имя числительное, глагол (инфинитив, времена, залог, модальные и «проблемные» глаголы), согласование времен, употребление предло-гоз и др. Пособие состоит из 22 разделов (Units), каждый из которых посвящен определенной грамматической теме (The Noun, The Verb, и т. д.). Виды упражнений довольно разнообразны: это и подстановка, и создание логических цепочек, перифраз, множественный выбор, перевод с русского на английский и с английского на русский, текстовые задания и др. Система упражнений внутри разделов построена по принципу «от простого к сложному». Это позволяет использовать сборник на начальном, продолженном к продвинутом этапах изучения английского языка. Пособие содержит 10 тестов, задачей которых является проверка усвоенного материала. Первые восемь тестов расположены после разделов, объединенных общей тематикой (например, первый тест дается после изучения тем The Noun, Noun Structures и The Possessive Case). Последние два теста (Final Tests) — обобщающие, поэтому выполнять их рекомендуется после усвоения всего грамматического материала. Все упражнения и тесты снабжены ответами. Это дает возможность проконтролировать правильность выполнения заданий и обратить внимание на пробелы в знании грамматики. Unit l The Noun Exercise 1. Write the plural form of the following. A regular nouns story, play, glass, flag, photo, name, match, knife, bush, chief, page, radio, roof, prize, set, key, factory, wolf, piano, class, cup, city В irregular nouns child, goose, man, foot, mouse, woman, sheep, person, deer, tooth, ox С nouns of Greek or Latin origin criterion, datum, formula, crisis, stimulus, index, phenomenon, medium, oasis, nucleus, memorandum, basis, radius, analysis, symposium, hypothesis D compound nouns fellow-worker, merry-go-round, man-of-war, passer-by, sister-in-law, forget-me-not, room-mate, lily-of-the-valley, ticket-holder, commander-in-chief, governor-general Exercise 2. Divide the following words into two columns: countable and uncountable nouns (you must get 25 uncountable nouns). furniture, coffee, leaf, food, computer, list, blood, job, work, language, country, advice, information, money, progress, permit, permission, baggage, luggage, beach, traffic, weather, window, knowledge, air, water, holiday, damage, accommodation, scenery, scene, pigeon, bread, mountain, kick, news, accident, laugh, flour, laughter Exercise 3. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the words in bold type. 1. The windows in his car are made of unbreakable glass. 2. He gave me a glass of water. 3. These are the works of Shakespeare. 4. He is not at home, he is at the works. He is installing new equipment. 5. His work is rather dull,he thinks. 6. Do you have scales? I want to weigh this fish. 7. Celsius or Fahrenheit scales are used in many countries. 8.1 spilled the water, give me a cloth, please. 9. Have you bought cloth for draperies? 10. He's got his car insurance police. 11. She always criticizes the government's policy. 12.1 need an iron to press my dress. 13. These items are made of iron. 14. There is neither salt nor pepper on the table. 15. He planted several peppers in the hothouse. 16. Would you like some chocolate? 17. She took aehowlate out of the box. 18. He meets a lot of people every day. 19. A lot of different peoples live in Asia. 20. They run a very profitablebHsiness somewhere in South Africa. 21. Business is an essential part of American life. Exercise 4. Match the word on the left with its partner on the right. Example: a piece music — a piece of music
Exercise 5. Change the uncountable nouns in bold type into countable ones in the sentences using the words from Exercise 4. Example: Buy some bread or. your way home. — Buy a loaf of bread on your way home. 1.I had luck in the casino yesterday. 2,1 saw lightening and then heard thunder in the west. 3. How much luggage have you got with you? 4. Would you like some more cake? 5. Daddy brought me milk chocolate! 6, He blew smoke out of his pipe into the open window. 7', How much sugar do you take with your tea? 8. We need to buy some furniture for our kitchen. 9. Give me please brown shoe polish. 10, He told us very interesting information last night, Exercise 6, Write out the nouns which are used only in the plural form (you must get 25 nouns). athletics, cattle, scissors, taxes, pyjamas, economics, police, news, means, goods, pants, subjects, billiards, darts, outskirts, premises, mechanics, spectacles, clothes, stairs, maths, shorts, tights, gymnastics, congratulations, crossroads, patience, scales, lodgings, foundations, equipment, research, authorities, soap, contents, looks, countryside, traffic-lights, tongs, toothpaste, headphones, delays, binoculars, electronics, eyes, trousers Exercise 7. Complete the following table and give the corresponding singular or plural form of the nouns, if any. If there is no the corresponding form, put a v. The first two words are given as examples.
means, scissors, pence, Frenchman, Roman, photo, physics, cloth, sheep, halves, news, sleeves, mice, species, contents, athletics, series, knowledge, feet, phenomena, clothes, bases, headquarters, Japanese Exercise 8. Find the odd word in the chain of the nouns. Example: tea — butter — onions — meat 1) trousers — spectacles — scales — news 2) advice — knowledge — contents — progress 3) phonetics - vacation - goods – information 4) criteria — datum — oases — radii 5) mice — men — goats — geese 6) police — work — weather — furniture 7) congress — team — government — equipment 8) water — potato — milk — bread 9) time — business — stone — bird 10) means — species — crossroads — wolves 11) thanks — barracks — congratulations — authorities 12) diagnoses — roofs — cattle — accommodation 13) premises — mechanics — darts — laughter 14) success — research — applause — path 15) journey — voyage — travel — walk Exercise 9. Open the brackets and choose the proper form. 1.1 feel that the jury already (have/has) thought that you are innocent. 2. The government (was/were) not able to pursue the policy which had been promised before the elections. 3. The police (is/are) investigating the case now. 4. The crew of the plane (consist/consists) of four people. 5. His company (was/were) founded in 1996. 6. The party (was/were) in full swing. The music was playing, the company (was/were) eating and drinking. 7. My family (is/are) early risers, so at 11 o'clock p.m. the family (is/are) always in bed. 8. The cattle (is/are) in the field next to it. 9. The committee (is/are) full of enthusiasm. 10. Such an organization as the board of directors (is/are) elected by stockholders. 11. The ship turned out to be a good ship,the crew (was/were) skilled seamen. 12, The government usually (consist/consists) of the prime minister and several ministers. 13. The average American family (have/has) three children. 14. The jury (is/are) represented by twelve people. 15. The crops (is/arc) good this summer, Exercise 10. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb to be A 1, The crew___rescued by our boat, 2. Her clothes ___very fashionable. 3, Your advice___.always welcome. 4. The information he gave us___very useful. 5A little money___better than nothing. 6. That species of spiders ___commonly seen in deserts of North Africa. 7.1 think her hair___dyed. 8. No news.___good news. 9.1 don't want to work here. The equipment___too complicated. 10. There___a lot of sheep in the field. 11.1 think this ___detailed research. 12. Where___my spectacles? 13. The phenomena___unusual. 14. Mathematics___ difficult, but physics___more difficult to my mind. 15, The cattle___up the hill. 1. Look out! The stairs___.very old. 2. In my opinion, looks___very important for an actor. 3. The police___ responsible for these actions. 4. Criteria___changing, you know. 5. The committee___set up several months ago. 6. The traffic___very heavy in this street. Be careful at the corner. When the traffic-lights___red, don't cross the street. 7. The working wages ___ up. 8. The knowledge she has got at college___very deep. 9. The carrots___delicious. 10. The vacation___always fun. 11. The funeral ___ usually a sad occasion. 12. The evidence___against him. 13. The contents of the letter ___made public. 14. The opera-glasses___out of focus. 15. The grapes___ripe. Exercise 11. Match the words on the left (1-10) with the appropriate phrases on the right (a-j) to get 10 sentences. 1) Your advice a) are located outside London. 2) Our headquarters b) she lent us was not enough. 3) The money c) are fit. 4) The premises d) is an important part of the Olympic Games. 5) The information e) are often deceptive. 6) Best news f) is installed in our new shop. 7) New equipment g) against applying for that job was good. 8) Athletics h) was not reliable. It was published in tabloids. 9) The scales i) is always printed in morning newspapers. 10) Appearances j) where he worked were in the suburbs. Exercise 12 Find the mistakes in the follow ing sentences and correct them. Some sentences have more than one mistake. 1. We had such a terrible weather that we left the hotel in the country (we did not have heatings there) and took an accommodation with a fire place in town instead. 2. Yesterday I got a permission to go there. What about you? Have you got your permits? 3.1 love French impressionists but I would need an advice from a specialist before I bought any. My knowledges in that area are very poor. 4. Her works are definitely making great progresses these days. She has done a lot of researches lately. 5. Have you heard that Jack's lodging is in London, but in the outskirt of the city? These are interesting news, aren't they? 6. The police is looking for the criminals who escaped last night. The informations about them were sent to all the police stations of the district. 7, Political and economic crises is frequent for Africa. 8. How many luggages are you taking? Oh, I think you won't be able to cope with them. You'll have to hire a porter. 9. Last week was awful for her. She had two tooth pulled out, her childs got ill and finally her husband lost moneys. 10. The tights is too loose for her. Exercise 13. Translate the sentences into English. 1. Его советы всегда бывают такими убедительными (convincing). Почему ты никогда им не следуешь? 2. Какая ненастная (nasty) погода! В такую дождливую погоду лучше сидеть дома. 3. Она делает хорошие успехи в английском, 4. Я удивлен (be surprised), что она поверила этим странным новостям. Боюсь, они недостоверны. Кто их ей сообщил? 5. Мне кажется, эти весы сломаны. 6. Вчера я положил сюда деньги. Где они? Я не могу их найти. 7. Я считаю, что помещение для нашего магазина вполне подходящее. 8. Мне не нравятся эти джинсы. Мне кажется, та пара джинсов лучше. 9. Экипаж был готов выполнить (fulfil) приказ капитана. 10. Критерии часто меняются, 11. Ваши товары сделаны очень плохо. 12. Нику необходимо сшить (sew) новые брюки. У меня есть хорошая синяя материя. 13. Он купил буханку хлеба, пакет молока, кусок мыла и тюбик зубной пасты. 14. Информация о ценах очень интересна. 15. Здесь нет светофора, и перекресток очень опасное место. 16. Виды этих растений (plant) неизвестны. 17. Вдруг позади себя я услышал громкий смех, 18. Его знания по математике лучше моих, 19. Ты взял бинокль? — Нет, он нам не понадобится. Наши места во втором ряду (row). 20. Улики были важными, и он чувствовал, что суд присяжных был против него. 21. В Англии зарплата рабочим выплачивается каждую неделю. 22. Актеров встретили аплодисментами. 23. Мои часы отстают. 24. Морковь богата витаминами. 25. Она считает, что современная одежда красива и удобна (convenient) |
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