Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего a-f и утверждениями, данными в списке

3.How dreaming helps 7.How we forget dreams

4.When we dream 8.How we remember dreams
A. Even though our dreams may feel like they last for hours and hours, we hardly spend more than two hours dreaming each night, which means a person spends a total of nearly six years dreaming throughout a lifetime. In general there are four phases of the sleep cycle and all dreaming occurs practically at the final phase. Each of these sleep cycles lasts approximately 60 to 90 minutes and may repeat several times throughout the night.
B. Anxiety is the most popular emotion experienced in dreams. Many people dream of falling, which is often connected to something in our lives that is going in the wrong direction. In addition, dreams of being chased are very common and are linked to avoidance. Also people report dreams about their teeth falling out, which is related to the words and communication we might have in real life.
C. Dreaming helps people make sense of the information and events that occur in their lives. Dreams play an important role in processing and remembering information that we absorb daily. Also, they help reduce stress and even solve problems. It’s very possible to work through real-life problems while dreaming

at night. In addition, dreams provide a lot of important content and meaning that can be used to inspire and direct our lives during the day.
D. Nearly 5 to 10% of adults have nightmares. There are several reasons for it, for example when people start taking certain medications or when they withdraw from drugs. Some physical conditions, such as stress or illness, can also be a trigger. However, in some cases adults may have frequent nightmares that are unrelated to their everyday lives, which may signify that they are more creative, sensitive, and emotional than the average person.

E. There is no person who does not have dreams, but not everybody recalls them. The most vivid dreams happen during the Rapid Eye Movement sleep stage when the brain is extremely active and the eyes move back and forth quickly underneath the eyelids. Although dream recall varies from person to person,

some people have little or no recollection of the content, and around 90% of dreams are gone following the first 10 minutes of waking up.
F. Scientists have found that animals also dream and their subconscious thoughts are connected to real experiences. Animals’ dreams are complex, containing long sequences of events. Animals’ brains share the same series of sleeping states as the brain of human beings. Analyzing animals’ dreams and the content of their dreams may help scientists treat memory disorders and develop new ways for people to learn and retain information more effectively.
G. Only five minutes after the end of a dream and half of the content is likely to vanish from our memories. It’s not that dreams aren’t important enough to keep in mind, but other things tend to get in the way. Dream researcher L. Strumpell believes that dreams disappear from our memories for a number of

factors. For example, we may not recall dream images that lack intensity, association or repetition, which are usually needed for dream recall.

Ответ:

A	B	C	D	E	F	D

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Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений,обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя.Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений,в таблицу.
Promoting language learning

The European Union (EU) is committed to supporting the rights of its citizens to personal and professional mobility, and their ability to communicate with each other. It does so by A_____________________ to promote the teaching and learning of European languages. These programmes have at least one thing in common: they cover cross-border projects involving partners from two, and often three or more, EU countries.

The EU programmes are designed to complement the national education policies of member countries. Each government is responsible for its own national education policy, B_____________________. What the EU programmes do is to create links between countries and regions via joint projects,

C_____________________.

Since 2007 the main programmes have been put under the overall umbrella of the EU’s lifelong learning programme. All languages are eligible for support under this programme: official languages, regional, minority and migrant languages, D_____________________. There are national information centres in each country, E_____________________.

The cultural programmes of the EU also promote linguistic and cultural diversity in a number of ways. The “Media” programme funds the dubbing and subtitling of European films for F____________________. The “Culture” programme builds cross-cultural bridges by supporting the translation of modern authors into other EU languages.
1. and the languages of the EU’s major trading partners

2. which includes language teaching and learning

3. cinemas and television in other EU countries

4. which enhance the impact of language teaching and learning

5. funding a number of educational programmes

6. and encouraging people to learn new languages

7. where details about the application procedures are given
Ответ:

A	B	C	D	E	F

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Space could solve water problems
Have you ever tasted saltwater? I guess you have and if so, you will agree with me that it’s not very refreshing. In fact, drinking more than a few cups worth can kill you.

According to the United States Geological Survey, whose mission is to collect and disseminate reliable, impartial, and timely information that is needed to understand the nation’s water resources, about ninety-seven percent of the water on our planet is saltwater; the rest is stored in lakes, rivers, glaciers and aquifers underground. Moreover, only about one-third of the world’s potential fresh water can be used for human needs. As pollution increases, the amount of usable water decreases.

Water is the most precious and taken-for-granted resource we have on Earth. It is also one of the most threatened resources. Increased population and possible climate change will put more and more strain on supplies of this vital resource as time goes on. What could we do in this situation? Though it may seem like science fiction, the solution could lie in outer space.

I’m not saying we’re going to be teleporting to a spring on the other side of the galaxy or colonizing another planet just to have longer showers – it’s much more mundane than that. What we could achieve realistically in this century is the successful use of the solar system’s rare metals and water, barring the invention of the matrix.

You may be surprised to learn that the metal in your keys, coins, cell phone, computer, car and everywhere else, originally came to this planet from space. When Earth formed, the heavy metals sank to the center and formed a solid core.The lighter elements formed the mantle and the crust we live on. Asteroids and comets that struck the Earth brought water and metals to the surface.

There are thousands of asteroids orbiting near Earth. Most asteroids are made of rock, but some are composed of metal, mostly nickel and iron. Probes could be sent out to these to identify useful ones. Then larger probes could push them towards the Earth where they can be handled in orbit.

In order to fuel ships and probes, we simply need to find a source of water, such as a comet or the surface of the moon. We collect the water and pass an electric current through it from a solar panel. The water separates into oxygen and hydrogen, which in liquid form is a powerful rocket fuel.

Is this really possible? We may soon find out. Private company SpaceX has already started delivering equipment to the International Space Station (ISS). The ISS is proof that countries once at each other’s throats, like America and Russia, can work together and pull off multi-billion dollar projects.

Recently, a company called Planetary Resources Inc. made the news for getting big names like Google and Microsoft to invest in exploring asteroids for motion now.

We’ve already landed probes on the surface of asteroids and taken samples from them. We can put something as large as the ISS, which weighs just short of 500 tons, according to National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), in orbit.

We can make a half-million-mile round-trip to get rocks from the moon. We can do all of these things already. They just need to be applied and developed in a smart way.

12

What problem is raised in the article?
1) Cooperation in space. 2) Threats of climate change.

3) Danger of drinking salt water. 4) Lack of water supplies on Earth.
Ответ:

13

According to the author, the information published in the US Geological Survey is

meant to …
1) assure the nation that there is still enough of usable water.

2) help to monitor the state of the country’s water resources.

3) demonstrate the quality of water the nation uses.

4) warn the public about the dangers of water pollution. Ответ:

14

The author thinks that outer space …
1) is dangerous because of asteroids. 2) is a source of important supplies.

3) is not studied properly. 4) should be colonized. Ответ:

15

According to the author, the space water sources may be used for …
1) fuel production. 2) water supplies for spaceships.

3) moon exploration. 4) the production of electricity. Ответ:

16

The Google and Microsoft (paragraph 9) are mentioned to …
1) explain how Planetary Resources Inc. became famous.

2) prove that asteroids can be commercially attractive.

3) show that space research is important for computer science.

4) prove that asteroids can interfere with the Internet. Ответ:

17

The expression “put the gears in motion” in “…it is wise to put the gears in motion now” (paragraph 9) means …
1) to explore. 2) to begin. 3) to move. 4) to invest. Ответ:

18

What idea is stressed in the last two paragraphs?
1) There is room for further achievements in space exploration.

2) Asteroids are unique objects for scientific research.

3) Only smart administration can manage space programs.

4) International Space Station is the heaviest object in space. Ответ:
По окончании выполнения заданий 10–18 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов в заданиях 10 и 11 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной

клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.
Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика
Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19–25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19–25.

Difficult landing

19

One airline had a policy that required the first officer to stand at

the door while the passengers exited. He smiled and thanked

them for __________________ the airline. FLY

20

A pilot on this airline landed his plane into the runway really

hard. He thought that passengers ____________angry comments. HAVE

21

However, it seemed that all of __________________ were too THEY

shocked to say anything. Finally, everyone got off except for

a little old lady. She said, ‘Can I ask you a question?’ ‘Yes,

Madam,’ said the pilot. ‘What was it?’ the lady asked, ‘Did we

land or were we shot down?’
Alhambra

22

The Alhambra is a palace and fortress in Granada. It

__________________ between 1238 and 1358 at the end of BUILD

Muslim rule in Spain. Despite the development that followed

the Christian conquest, it still looks like a medieval Moorish settlement.

23

Since the Middle Ages, the Alhambra __________________ as SURVIVE

a remarkable example of a Spanish-Moorish town. As most

fortresses of that time, it has a surrounding wall, but it looks

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fairly weak.

Later it __________________ the kings of Granada and was NOT DEFEND

just supposed to offer nice views.

25

Today, the Alhambra __________________ to be one of the

greatest examples of Islamic architecture. CONSIDER
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26–31,однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26–31.
Victoria Falls

Before you even see the falls, you hear and feel them. As you walk along

26

the trail to the entrance, the sound of rumbling water sounds in

the background and __________________ SUDDEN

your face is hit with a breeze of humidity and mist.

At 2 km wide and 100 m tall, Victoria Falls is the world’s

largest curtain of falling water, and is twice the width and

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height of Niagara Falls. Victoria Falls was formed from intense

__________________ activity almost 200 million years ago. VOLCANO

As you approach Victoria Falls from the nearby town of

Livingstone, you first have to pass a larger-than-life statue of

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Livingstone, one of the most __________________ explorers. FAME

“Livingstone was the first __________________ to see EUROPE

Victoria Falls and then spread the word about them,” said Dr.

Lawrence.

30

“Part of the reason the news of great waterfalls in central

Africa was so __________________ in the middle of the 19^th EXCITE

century was that many people thought that the centre of the

continent was a desert,” he added.

Dr. Lawrence is a lecturer at Scotland’s University of

31

Edinburgh who specialises in the history of science and

__________________ in Africa. EXPLORE
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32–38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32–38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4,соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
After the war

When the war ended I returned to Trinity College and was granted an extra year to complete my degree. 32 _______ my father and mother considered my grant at Trinity the highlight of the year, I thought Dad’s receiving an award from the Queen was more important. The ceremony turned 33 _______ to be a double delight, because I was able to witness my old tutor, Professor Bradford, receive his award for the role he had played in the field of breaking German military codes 34 _______ the war. I was proud of our little team working under Professor Bradford – as Churchill stated in the House of Commons, we had probably cut the length of the war by a year. We all met up afterwards for tea at the Ritz, and not unnaturally at some 35 _______ during the afternoon the conversation switched to what career I proposed to follow now the war was over. To my father’s credit he had never once 36 _______ that I should join him at the family company, especially as I knew how much he had longed for another son who might eventually 37 _______ his place. In fact, during the summer vacation I became even more conscious of my good fortune, as Father seemed to be preoccupied with the business and Mother was unable to hide her own anxiety about the future of the company. But whenever I asked if I could help all she would 38 _______ was, “Don’t worry, it will all work out in the end.”

32

1) although 2)therefore 3)moreover 4)however Ответ:

33

1) off 2)into 3)out 4)over Ответ:

34

1) until 2) unless 3) during 4) while Ответ:

35

1) event 2) occasion 3) case 4) point Ответ:

36

1) offered 2) proposed 3) suggested 4) presented Ответ:

37

1)take 2) hold 3) keep 4) make Ответ:

38

1) tell 2) speak 3) talk 4) say Ответ:
По окончании выполнения заданий 19–38 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов в заданиях 19–31 буквы записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую букву или цифру пишите

в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.
Раздел 4. Письмо
Для ответов на задания 39 и 40 используйте бланк ответов № 2. Черновые пометки можно делать прямо на листе с заданиями, или можно использовать отдельный черновик. При выполнении заданий 39 и 40 особое внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ № 2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объёма текста. Тексты недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объём, не оцениваются. Запишите сначала номер задания (39, 40), а затем ответ на него. Если одной стороны бланка недостаточно, Вы можете использовать другую его сторону.

39

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Nancy who writes:
… This year we had a school costume party for Halloween. It was a big success. What costume would you fancy wearing to a costume party? What would you rather do: make a costume yourself or buy one, and why? What do you think of costume parties in general?

Our history teacher is taking us to a museum for a field trip next week …
Write a letter to Nancy. In your letter: - answer her questions

- ask 3 questions about the museum.

Write 100–140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.

40

Comment on the following statement.

It’s easier to make friends than to keep them.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement? Write 200–250 words.

Use the following plan: - make an introduction (state the problem)

- express your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion

- express an opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing opinion

- explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion

- make a conclusion restating your position