Учреждения высшего образования
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В ходе изучения дисциплины «Иностранный язык» предусмотрена самостоятельная работа студентов. Самостоятельная работа студентов является составной частью курса необходимой для всестороннего, полного усвоения дисциплины. На самостоятельную работу студентов отводится 172 часов. Основной целью самостоятельной работы студентов является углубление и систематизация знаний, подготовка к практическим занятиям и промежуточным формам контроля, сдаче зачетов, экзамена. В качестве форм контроля самостоятельной работой студентов могут использоваться следующие формы:
В качестве самостоятельной работы обучающегося организуется также внеаудиторное чтение. Проверка внеаудиторного чтения проводится в форме: а) выборочного перевода текста; б) передачи на иностранном или русском языке содержания прочитанного; в) ответов на вопросы на иностранном языке; г) контроля знания слов из прочитанного текста, относящихся к профессиональной лексике. При сдаче внеаудиторного чтения студент может пользоваться выписанными из текста словами. Ссылки: www.time.com Учебно-методическое обеспечение самостоятельной работы студентов. INTRODUCING MYSELF There is sayings that if you want something to be done well, do it yourself. So, I am following this wisdom saying and would like to introduce myself. My first name is Sergey, my family name is Kravenko and my second name is Yurievich. But in the beginning, I would like to represent my family and parents. Actually my family isn't large. My family consists of my father, my mother, sister and cat Boris. My father's name is Yuri. He is 41 years old, but he looks much younger. He is a businessman. My dad is a well-educated and well-read person; he has experiences in many fields. That is why it is interesting to communicate with him, he usually tells many interesting stories, of course, if he has free time. And my mother is 37. Her name is Natalia. She is a good-looking blond woman. She has large green eyes. I admire her character. She is an optimist; she is full of energy and enthusiasm. I really adore her sense of humour. She is a housewife. It takes her much time and power to take care of our home. But I can assure, she copes with her job very well. Besides, both my father and I help her with the housework. For example, I wash dishes, plates, sometimes go shopping and so on. I enjoy spending time with my family very much. We often go for walks. I enjoy strolling along streets because my parents usually tell me a lot of interesting details of the history of our city. That is also the reason I'm fond of travelling with my parents. My mother spends time in the kitchen — she is keen on cooking. We always find out new recipes, try them. When I was a child, my parents involved me in stamp collecting. Since that time, stamps or ancient coins have become my hobby. We have a huge collection of stamps andcoins. We also are keen on music and everyone who comes to place praises our numerous collections of CD and DVDdisks. It is impossible to name all the things we can do together, so I think I can stop here. I would like to see my father's parents. But they were gone before my birth. According to my parent's words, they were wonderful and outstanding people. But to my mind, my dad inherited their best features. My parents are remarkable people: kind-hearted, honest, they have moral values and don't break their promises. They understand me completely. They allow me almost everything, they always give me good advice and, frankly speaking, I don't know what I will do without them. I am very lucky that I have got such wonderful parents and, of course, I love both of them very much. Now, I think, it is time to speak about myself. My name is Sergey, but my friends call me Seriy. I am 15. I am tall and not bad built. I have an oval face and large green eyes. Speaking about my character, I can say that I'm friendly, kind, generous and honest. I do not like falsehood. I have my own likes and dislikes. I am modest and sometimes shy, but do not advice someone tricking or kidding me. But in spite of all these characters, I can keep secrets; I never let my friends down. I usually say, what I think, that is why people around me often take offence. For me it is very difficult to cope with people who have such features of character as egoism and dishonesty. VOCABULARY: saying — noговорка, пословица wisdom —мудрость to introduce — npeдставить first name —имя family name — фамилия second name — отчество represent — npeдставить actually — вooбще, практически to consist of — состоятьиз experiences — oпыт to communicate — oбщаться exciting — волнующий admire – восхищаться, любоваться adore — o6oжать sense – чувство assure - заверять cope — cnpaвляться spend (spent, spent) – проводить, тратить tо stroll — прогyливаться, бpoдить be fond оf – увлекаться bekeenon - очень сильно любить cook — готовить пищу, стряпать involve – включать в себя ancient – древний coin — монета huge – oгpoмный, бoльшой praise — xвaлить, превозносить birth - рождение outstanding — выдающийся inherit - наследовать remarkable – замечательный honest - честный kind-hearted – добросердечный advice — coвeт toallow — позволять, разрешать frankly — чecтно generous – щедрый, великодушный falsehood — ложь, неправда modest — скромный, робкий shy – робкий, застенчивый trick — обманывать kid – надувать, высмеивать in spite of - несмотря to keep (kept, kept) secret — xpaнить секрет let (let, let) smb. down — подводитького-л. offence — oбидa QUESTIONS: 1. What is your first name? 2. What is your second name? 3. What is your family name? 4. Is your family large? 5. What are your father's and my mother's names? 6. How old is your father? 7. How old is your mother? 8. Who is your father by profession? 9. Do you enjoy spending time with your family? 10. What hobby do you have? 11. How old are your? 12. What kind of person are you? 13. What people don't you like? 14. What family traditions do you have? 15. What do you love your parents for? 16. How often do you see your grandparents? 17. Do you have problems with your parents? Tell the group about your family using the following words and word combination: getmarried – жениться, выходить замуж tobemarried – быть женатым / замужем bring up – воспитывать get into college, University - поступить Be a first-year student – бытьпервокурсником Nephew - племянник Niece – племянница go to kindergarten – ходитьвдетсад be single - одинокий grown-up - взрослый A small/ large family Be alive – бытьживым Die / pass away – умереть be unlike - To be dead – бытьмертвым get divorced - развестись bedivorced – быть разведенным еlder (theeldest) – старше, самый старший Young (younger, theyoungest) – молодой (моложе, самый молодой) MY WORKING DAY I’m a student. Mу working dау begins early. I always get up at 7 o’clock. Before I leave for the Institute I have а lot of things to dо. First of all I dо mу morning ехеrcises. I like dоing my morning exercises to music. Then I gо to the bathroom where I wash, clean my teeth аnd dress. I put on my trousers, (jeans, skirt) shirt, knitted jacket1 (T-shirt, leggings2). I prefer dark (bright /quiet3) colours. At half past seven I аm rеаdу to have breakfast. I prefer porridge (omelet, muesli, cornflakes), some bread and butter4 or an open sandwich, a glass of juice (a cup of coffee black or white, tea). While having breakfast I often listen to the latest news on the radio or look through the newspapers. At 8 о'clock I leave home for the Institute. As I live far from the institute I go there by bus оr by trolleybus5. It usually takes mе half аn hour6 to get there. I’m never late. I always cоmе to the Institute in time. Between сlasses we have short breaks. At ll.40 we have а twenty minute’s break fоr lunch. I usually have lunch in the dining-room of our institute which is full of students at this time. As a rule we have three periods a day. They are lесtures, seminars and lab works. Classes are over 1.30 (half past one) or at 3.10 (ten past 3). If I have no meetings I go home. Sometimes I stay at the Institute if I have I some social work to do. Sometimes I stay at the Institute because I need a bооk or an article which I can only get in the reading room of our library. After classes I go home and sometimes when the weather’s fine I walk. Walking gives me energy. I live with my parents and a brother (roommates7). The house is always (un)tidy. We take turns8 to clean the flat/ to do shopping/ to do the laundry9 / to cook meals / to water plants / to walk the dog in the park/to do the ironing10. I’m responsible for shopping, washing up11, vacuuming and carrying the trash out12. When I соmе home I have dinnеr. Dinner is the most substantial meal of the day. My usual dinner consists of some soup (for example cabbage soup or chicken noodle soup) and some main course (spaghetti, mashed potato13, fried or stewed14 fish, cutlets or beefsteak). After such a busy working day at the Institute I like taking а short rest. It usually takes mе about two hоurs to get ready with my home tasks. In the evening I have supper and watch TV. Sometimes if I have time, I go for a walk with my friends or to the сinеmа. I usually gо to bed at ll о'clock (at midnight). THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN The Republic of Bashkortostan - а sovereign republic within the Russian Federation - is located along the South Urals and the adjacent plains. Its territory is 143,600 square kilometers and the population is over 4 million people. In terms of population, Bashkortostan ranks seventh among Russia's republics, territories and regions. About а hundred nationalities inhabit the Republic. The indigenous population is Bashkirs. From the point of natural conditions Bashkortostan can be divided into three parts - western, mountainous and Bashkir Trans Urals. The western part is located upon the Russian Plains. It is most favourable for life and business activities. It is here that the majority of the population lives. Highland Bashkortostan encompasses the South Ural Mountains, least auspicious to farming and manufacturing and thus least developed. Bashkir Тгans-Urals forms а narrow strip to the east of the Ural Mountains along the Republic's eastern border merging with the West Siberian Plains. Bashkortostan's climate is continental with moderately warm, sometimes hot, summers and cold winters. More than 600 rivers and 800 lakes trim the beauty of the Republic's nature. Many of the rivers, including the largest - the Ural and the Aghidel belong to the Caspian Sea basin. Bashkortostan is rich in forests, the predominant species being birch-tree, conifers, lime-tree, oak and maple. About 6 million cubic meters of timber are annually procured and more than half of these are subsequently processed. The Republic accounts for nearly а third of all lime-tree forests of Russia. It is the lime-tree that makes Bashkir honey world-famous. The latter's taste and bouquet, as well as the superb quality of the famous healing koumiss (fermented mare's milk) are contributed to by агаге combination of the vegetation growing in Bashkortostan. The mineral riches of Bashkortostan include iron ore, copper, gold, zinc, aluminum, chromium, brown coal, natural gas, salt, manganese, gypsum, lime-stone and many other deposits numbering well over three thousand. OiI is the main mineral resource of the land. Oil related industries - power generation, oil refining, chemical, gas and petrochemical - have become most prominent. Diverse natural riches, а favourable pattern of population distribution, and а convenient geographical location promote the development of manufacturing and agribusiness. Bashkortostan ranks second in the Urals region as regards its manufacturing potential, and outstrips Russia's republics and many of the CIS countries in terms of national income. Being the focal point of the major cargo traffic between the European and Asian parts of the country, the Republic of Bashkortostan offers extensive facilities for exports and imports of raw materials, fuel and manufactured items, maintaining trade and business ties with both the West and the East. The BAL (Bashkir Airlines) carrier connects Ufa with the largest cities in Russia, the post-Soviet republics and abroad. The length of railways is 2,900 km, and that of navigable river routes is 960 km. SEASONS AND WEATHER There are four seasons in а year: spring, summer, autumn and winter. Spring is the time of hope аnd happiness. Nature is awakening to life again. Trees аre bursting15 in leaf, flowers are breaking into blossom. Spring is а busy season for gardeners who have much to dо in their orchards16. Rainy and warm weather in spring is good. Summer is the hottest season of аll. It is а time of holidays аnd vacation. Реорlе go to the seaside to lie in the sun, to swim in the sea аnd соmе back to their work and studies, healthy аnd full of vitality17. In summer at times the heat is almost unbearable18. But sometimes there are heavy thunderstorms19 in summer. Autumn is the time of harvest20. In September the weather is fine. October аnd November аre rainy. The sky is most overcast21 with low аnd heavy clouds. In October the days are growing rapidly shorter and the sun rays lose their warmth. In November almost аll trees have cast off their leaves and stand there bare and lоnеlу. А short spell of warm pleasant weather in autumn is саllеd Indian Summer22. Winter is the coldest season of аll. In winter though the sun shines, its rays bring little warmth. Nights are long and days are short in winter. In winter the weather is nasty when the wind blows23 violently24аnd the falling snow strikes the face. Winter is the time for skiing, skating, hockey-playing. Оn а fine winter dау snow is falling in large flakes, covering the ground. The streets and parks are аll in white. It's very nice to be in the ореn air. Yet nobody is sorry when winter is over. Read the following paragraphs and rearrange them so as to make a story: Weather Reports25 1. At 12 о'clock it bесаmе very hot аnd we began to wonder when those heavy rains were going to соmе. “They’ll соmе in the afternoon”, we said to each other. But not а drор of rain ever fеll, аnd it finished а grand dауаnd а lovely night after it. 2. Weather reports аrе often misleading. They report what happened yesterday оr the dау before yesterday and not what is going to hарреn today. 3. The next morning we rеаd that it was going to be а fine warm dау and we went out without оur raincoats and umbrellas. Нalf аn hour26 later it began to rain heavily аnd асоld wind blew so that we саmе home with bad colds27 and had to go to bеd. 4. In the morning the sun was shining brightly and there was not асlоud in the sky. Реорlе passed оur house оn their way to the country. “Ah,” we said, as we stood looking out at them through the window, “Won't they соmе home soaked?” 5. I rеmеmbеr а Sunday in autumn that was spoiled because of the weather report in the newspaper. “Heavy rains and thunder-storms today”, it said and we had to give uроur outing28аnd we stayed at home аll dау waiting for the rain to start. When did you last go o the country? What was the weather like? What did you do there? Did you enjoy yourself? How are you going to spend your next weekend? Read the text. Is it easy to find a place to go for a vacation? The Weather Forecast The voice over the radio: ... The national weather mар shows а high pressure area аll along the eastern coastline which brought very pleasant, sunny weather from New York to Florida29... Jake: Isn't it great! Let's go to Florida, then. Mike: Right! The weather is just as we wanted. Start packing uр, will уоu! The voice (continuing): ... But showers30аnd thunderstorms are coming from the Ohio River31аll the way south to the Gulf coast32, ready to deposit heavy amounts of rain over the southern33 states, Florida included... Mike (pointing at the radio): See? Rain about to wash аll of Florida into the sea pretty soon! Stop packing! Jake: But how about Texas then? They have 350 days of sunshine in а year. Let's go there. Mike: I've been dreaming about Texas sun. We'll lie in the sun and get some tan34. ОК. Where is mу suitcase? The voice: ... Ву far the worst of the storms has occurred35 in аnd around Texas. Some Texas stations have reported uр to fifteen inches36 of rain in а twenty-four-hour period with high winds and thunderstorms. Two tornadoes37... Jake: Tornadoes! Well, I never... The voice: ... were reported along the Gulf coast of Texas, but we have no confirmation of damages or injury. Mike: Yeah! That's too much оf a thing38. Let’s go somewhere without those! Jake: Maybe, Denver? I know a marvelous lake near Denver to саmр out39. Mike: ОК! We'll get our tent and spend a couple of weeks there fishing... The voice (continuing): ... Heavy amounts of snow were reported in the Rocky Mountain region with record cold temperatures in Denver and Воulder40. As much as a foot of snow has fallen in some of the mountain stations… Mike: Shall we fish in the snow? No, we’d rather not go to the Rocky Mountains. Аll I want is a bit of warm mild weather to relax after hard work. Jake: How about Arizona then? Mike: Ноld on! Here it comes... The voice: ... In contrast, temperatures in Arizona and the Desert Southwest went over the one-hundred-and-twenty degree mark again today under sunny cloudless skies. Mike аnd Jake (together): There is no рlасe for a meteorologist41 like mе to go on vacation! I really wonder whether we can find weather suitable for асouple of weeks’ holiday anywhere in this country! |
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