Английский язык для экономических специальностей


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МИНИСТЕРСТВО СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА
РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

ФГБОУ ВПО «Кубанский государственный
аграрный университет»

Н. С. Аракелян

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
ДЛЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТЕЙ

Учебное пособие


Краснодар

КубГАУ

2016

УДК 811.111:330 (075.8)

ББК 81.2 Aнгл

А79

Рецензенты:

О. Е. Павловская – заведующий кафедрой русского языка
Кубанского государственного аграрного университета,
д-р филол. наук, профессор;

Л. Б. Здановская – доцент кафедры иностранных языков
Кубанского государственного аграрного университета

Аракелян Н. С.

А79 Английский язык для экономических специальностей : учеб. пособие / Н. С. Аракелян. – Краснодар : КубГАУ, 2016. – 87 с.

ISBN 978-5-00097-045-4

Учебное пособие разработано в соответствии с программой по иностранным языкам и содержит профессионально ориентированные тексты, заимствованные из учебников по экономике, менеджменту и налогообложению, упражнения, диалоги, грамматический справочник, тесты и словарь экономических терминов.

Предназначено для магистрантов экономических специальностей дневной и заочной форм обучения.
УДК 811.111:330 (075.8)

ББК 81.2 Aнгл

© Аракелян Н. С., 2016

© ФГБОУ ВПО «Кубанский
государственный аграрный

ISBN 978-5-00097-045-4 университет», 2016

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Настоящее учебное пособие предназначено для магистров экономических специальностей в области экономики, ВЭД, финансово-банковской системы, бухгалтерского учета, аудита, налогообложения, маркетинга, менеджмента и т. д.

Учебник состоит из 8 уроков (units), в которых разработаны следующие темы: «Market economy», «Three basic kinds of business», «Management and Organization», «Price elasticity of demand and supply», «Circular flow of payments and national income», «Challenges of globalization», «Inflation», «Taxes and public spending», «Bookkeeping». Кроме того, в учебное пособие включены словарь экономических терминов, тесты и грамматический справочник (видо-временные формы глаголов, простые формы причастий и т. д.). Каждый из уроков рассчитан на 6–8 ч аудиторной и самостоятельной работы.

Большое внимание уделяется изучению грамматики, как основы понимания и создания высказываний на иностранном языке. В уроках имеется множество упражнений на ее закрепление. Для работы над лексическим материалом используются тексты из современной литературы, охватывающей многообразные сферы экономики, менеджмента и налогообложения.

Unit 1. Market economy

1. Словарный минимум.

1) economic – экономический

2) economical – экономный

3) society – общество

4) allocate – распределять

5) consumption – потребление

6) at high\low prices – по высоким\низким ценам

7) decision – решение

8) rely on – полагаться на

9) intervention – вмешательство

10) restriction – ограничение

11) evolve outразвиваться

12) overlap – совмещать, совпадать

13) flagrant abuse – явное нарушение

14) dampen – ослаблять, сдерживать

15) dub – приравнивать

16) good – товар


  1. Найдите в следующих предложениях сказуемое и переведите предложения на русский язык. Обратите внимание на слова из словарного минимума.

1. For 40 years after 1945 countries in Eastern Europe had planned economies in which market mechanisms played only a small role.

2. The government plays an important role in allocating resources in the country.

3. Resource allocation decisions are being made every day in every city, mostly through the mechanisms of markets and prices.

4. The ideas of Adam Smith, the famous Scottish philosopher and economist have been studied by economists for over two hundred years.

5. Prices are regulated by the production and consumption in a market economy.

6. The problem of the government regulation of markets is to control how government restrictions work in real life.

7. The market is to decide how much to produce.

8. A building society is a financial organization whose purpose is to help people buy houses or flats.

9. Governments are to regulate or plan production and consumption.

10. Economists’ recommendations may be of high value to governments but governments do not always rely on them.

  1. Переведите предложения, заменяя формы действительного залога на формы страдательного и обращая внимание на видо-временные формы глаголов.

1. The government made all resources allocation decisions in the Soviet Union.

2. Prices regulate consumption and production in a market economy.

3. In a mixed economy the government does not regulate the exchange of goods.

4. The economists are monitoring the prices and levels of consumption of different goods and services.

5. Economics analyses the society’s production and consumption levels.

6. If we allocate enough resources to agriculture, we will achieve a high level of production.

7. Nations have different levels of farm production.


  1. Раскройте скобки и употребите глаголы в соответствующей форме.

  1. There (to be) various forms of government restrictions and regulations in economies.

  2. Turkey and Norway both (to limit) profits of firms, the latter also (to control) process and wages.

  3. In Bolivia the tin mines (to nationalize); in China communes (to establish); in Cuba the government (to own) many industries and firms; and in Britain eight basic industries (to nationalize).

  4. A free market economy (to be) rare in the world.

  5. The level of economy regulation (to be) different in different countries.

  6. In some countries it (to grow) in recent years, in others more freedom (to grant) to firms and individuals.

  7. But the general tendency (to be) to keep government regulation at quite a high level.




  1. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на функции причастий.

  1. Exports are good and services sold to other countries.

  2. In free market economies changes in price are never results of regulations imposed by governments.

  3. Imposing some restrictions on food prices, governments make it possible for all people to buy enough food.

  4. Knowing that their resources are limited, people make a decision how to allocate them in the best possible way.

  5. The government itself can regulate monopolies controlling the prices or supplying the products.

  6. In East-European countries consumers couldn’t get goods, and factories couldn’t buy inputs at prices held low by governments.

  7. Governments intervene in economies controlling the supply of money, limiting monopolies and helping private industries.

  8. An improvement in technology will increase the supply of goods increasing the quantity supplied at each possible price.

  9. Governments regulating economic activities impose some restrictions.

  10. At prices above equilibrium we have a situation known as excess supply, or surplus.

  11. Stabilization of prices is having an importance to industrial nations as well as to the Third World countries.

  12. Reducing our imports we decrease the exports of others.


5. Прочитайте текст и переведите его, обращая внимание на словарный минимум к тексту.

Market economy

Economics is a science that analyses what, how and for whom society produces. The market is the process by which production and consumption are coordinated through prices. There are three types of economies: command, market and mixed. In a command economy, a central planning office makes decisions on what, how and for whom to produce. A free market economy has no government intervention. Resources are allocated entirely through markets. And many modern economies are mixed and rely mainly on the market but with a large dose of government intervention.

The American economy is a dynamic, free-market system, that is constantly evolving out of the choices and decisions made by millions of citizens who play multiple, often overlapping roles as consumers, producers, investors and voters. The United States is generally described as a mixed economy, which is to say that even though the great majority of production resources are privately owned, the federal government does play an important part in the marketplace.

U.S. productivity and standard of living remain among the highest in the industrial world. An economy based on free enterprise is generally characterized by private ownership and initiative, with a relative absence of government involvement. However, government intervention has been found necessary from time to time to ensure that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people, to prevent flagrant abuses, to dampen inflation and to stimulate growth.

The economic system of the United States is principally one of private ownership. This system often referred to as a “free enterprise system”, can be contrasted with a socialist economic system, which depends heavily on government planning and public ownership of the means of production. Yet government has to some extent always been involved in regulating and guiding the U.S. economy. At the same time, U.S. citizens have always had the freedom to choose for whom they will work, and what they will buy.

In the U.S. economic system, consumers, producers and the government make decisions on a daily basis, mainly the price system. The market primarily force is the interaction of producers and consumers: this had led analysts to dub the U.S. economic system a “market economy”.
6. Составьте вопросы к тексту “Market economy”.
7. Учимся читать и переводить выдержки из газетных статей.

David Cameron gave a big speech on Britain’s future relationship with the European Union. The prime minister called for a radically leaner EU and promised to negotiate a new settlement that will be put before British voters (if he wins an election in 2015) in a referendum that will offer an “in” or “out” option. Angela Merkel, the German chancellor, said she wanted a “fair compromise”: ”Germany, and I personally, want Britain to be an important part and an active member of the EU’, she said. (The Economist, January, 26th, 2013).

The decision by finance ministers in the euro zone to create a European Stabilization Mechanism as a permanent system for resolving future sovereign-debt difficulties did little to soothe markets, at least at first. The mechanism distinguishes a “solvency” crisis from a “liquidity” one, with bondholders in insolvent countries expected to take the brunt of losses, but does not come into force until 2015. However, markets were encouraged by a hint of more immediate help from the European Central Bank, Jean-Claude Trichet, the ECB’s president, advised that people were “tending to underestimate the determination” in Europe to solve the debt crisis.

Unit 2. Three basic kinds of business.
Management and Organization

1. Словарный минимум.

1) quantityколичество

2) equilibrium priceравновесная цена

3) raiseповышать, увеличивать

4) surplusизлишки, перенасыщение рынка

5) influenceвлияние, влиять

6) incomeдоходы, прибыль

7) substitute goodтовар-заменитель

8) complement goodтовар-дополнение

9) inferior good – товар низкого качества

10) input priceцена ресурсов, основных средств производства

11) imposeоблагать (налогом, пошлиной, штраф, обязательства)

12) demand – спрос

13) supplyпредложение

14) relationshipотношение

15) budget constraintограничение бюджета

16) marginal utilityпредельная полезность

17) obtainполучать

18) expenditures – расходы

19) depend on – зависеть от ч-л.

20) affectвлиять на ч-л.

  1. Переведите предложения на русский язык и выпишите все экономические термины.

  1. Demand is the quantity of a good that buyers wish to buy at some price, at low prices the demanded quantity is higher.

  2. Supply is the quantity of a good that sellers wish to sell at some price, when prices are high, the supplied quantity is high as well.

  3. The market is in equilibrium when the price regulates the quantity supplied by producers and the quantity demanded by consumers.

  4. When prices are not so high as the equilibrium price, there is excess supply (surplus) reducing the price.

  5. An increase in the price of a substitute good (or a decrease in the price of a complement good) will at the same time raise the demanded quantity.

  6. As consumer income is increased, demand for a normal good will also increase but demand for an inferior good will decrease.

  7. A normal good is a good for which demand increases when incomes rise.

  8. An inferior good is a good for which demand falls when incomes rise.

  9. An improvement in technology is an important for increasing the supplied quantity of a good as a reduction in input prices.

  10. Government regulates demand and supply, imposing ceiling prices (maximum prices) and floor prices (minimum prices) and adding its own demand to the demand of the private sector.




  1. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на причастные обороты.

  1. In East-European countries consumers couldn’t get goods and factories couldn’t buy inputs at prices held low by governments.

  2. The high price for a good is a market mechanism telling suppliers that it is high time to increase production.

  3. Governments regulate economic activities imposing some restrictions.

  4. Active money is money going from man to man and used by people in buying and selling goods and services.

  5. At prices above equilibrium we have a situation known as excess supply or surplus.

  6. Income is money of all kinds coming in regularly to a person, family or organization.

  7. Reducing our imports we decrease the exports of others.




  1. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

Three basic kinds of business

Once you know the general area of your interests, consider that there are three ways you can serve consumer needs in that area: making a product (manufacturing), selling a product (retail or whole sales), or providing a service. These are the three basic categories of business. Of course, these categories overlap, but if you analyze the businesses you know, you will see that one category predominates. For example, meat-packing company, a supermarket, and McDonald’s are all involved with hamburgers in some way, but for the meat packing company, production is the main activity; for the supermarket, sales is the main activity. With McDonald’s classification is more complicated. Do they sell a product (hamburgers) or a service (cooking the hamburgers and providing a place to eat them)?

At one time, basic manufacturing was the main business of U.S. business. Today, service is rapidly becoming dominant. Service is involved in many large and profitable enterprises, including health care, real estate (realtors don’t ordinarily build and stock houses; they act as brokers between buyers and sellers), stock brokerage, and such recent additions as computer programming and consulting. Services are what busy people need done for them because they don’t have the time to do it for themselves. It is just a creative mind and some talent to come up with a brand-new business in the service line.

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