important role in our modern complex society.
2. Its main function is to communicate financial information about enterprises,
individuals, nations and the world.
3. The United Nations also gathers and uses accounting information on a
worldwide level in its operations.
4. Accounting has developed in response to changes in man’s economic life.
5. The earliest accounting reports were in the form of crude records of
agricultural goods.
6. A relatively simple accounting system is not adequate for the large company.
7. The development of trade between villages and, later, between countries gave
rise to more sophisticated systems of accounting records.
8. Financial data are important not only at income tax time.
9. If someone applies for credit he has to provide financial information. Exercise 3. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующий вариант окончания. Переведите на русский язык. 1. People accept money in exchange … a. of cashless payments
2. The progress made in computer b. of gold and foreign currencies
technology has led to new forms … .
3. Commercial banks are designed c. at the Bank
to make a profit …
d. by acquiring banks in other
countries 4. The Bank of England controls e. for goods and services
the country’s reserves …
5. The major banks of the world have f. for their stockholders
established extensive international operations … .
net …
6. The discount houses have borrowing g. by official operations
facilities …
7 Foreign exchange markets can also h. of bank accounts
be affected …
8. There are different kinds … i. for in cash or debited to your
9. Traveller’s cheques can be paid …
Exercise 4. Test Вставьте слова, подходящие по смыслу, переведите текст на русский язык competition, private, economic, anarchy of production, chaotically, central direction, wealth, trade, goods, individuals, to produce, to invest, arbitrarily, private ownership, essential for, free market, within limits Individual capitalists or firms are free ___ __________ to do what they like - to _________ what they like, to invest their capital where and how they like.
The term _______ __ ________has often been used to describe capitalism. It does not necessarily mean that the system operates __________ and _________, only it goes without ________ _________.
Capitalism is an __________ system. It is based on the ________ _________ of wealth and the _________ _________. Capital or __________ which is used for the production of _______ and _________ is owned by ___________ and not by the state. ___________ property and ___________ are _________ ____ capitalism. Exercise 5. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на инверсию 1. Be it so!
2. Never before and never since, have I known such peace, such a sense of
happiness.
3. So beautifully did she sing that the audience burst into applause.
4. Here comes my brother.
5. Here he is!
6. Had there been no storm, our flight wouldn’t have been postponed.
7. Had we hurried, we shouldn’t have missed the bus.
8. But for his help she would have fallen behind the group. He proved to be a
true friend.
9. Hardly had I finished my translation when the bell rang.
10. Scarcely had he time to finish his dinner.
11. The above law does hold.
12. Hard as it is we must do this work.
Appendix 1
НАРЕЧИЯ И ВВОДНЫЕ СЛОВА К УРОКАМ
UNIT 1
only только supposedly предположительно
consequently следовательно locally местами
originally первоначально globally глобально,
по всей земле
even даже id est то есть
already уже in any case в любом
(anyway) случае
UNIT 2
in order to для того,чтобы for example например
therefore следовательно although(though) хотя
essentially существенно however однако
extremely чрезвычайно surprisingly удивительно
normally нормально, since с тех пор
обычно так как
instantly тотчас, немедленно
UNIT 3
on the one hand с одной стороны usually обычно
on the other hand c другой стороны carefully внимательно
according to в соответствии, finally наконец
accordingly согласно relatively относительно
in accordance with thus таким образом
likely вероятно against против
largely в большой степени
UNIT 4
virtually фактически easily просто, легко
even though хотя бы in the same таким же
almost почти way образом
readily с готовностью because of из-за
alternatively или always всегда
through сквозь, через completely совершенно
closely рядом, тесно artificially искусственно
at the same probably вероятно
time в то же время
UNIT 5
also также genuinely искренне,
at times временами неподдельно
until до тех пор, пока still все еще
пока не frequently часто
notoriously как упомянуто
UNIT 6 inevitably неизбежно forever навсегда
vitally жизненно важно, for a large scale в большом
необходимо масштабе
particularly в частности except (of) за исключением,
primarily в первую очередь, кроме
главным образом; hence следовательно
первоначально as well as также
due to благодаря, из-за obviously очевидно
substantially основательно, rather than лучше…чем
существенно in spite of несмотря на
in the long в конце концов hence следовательно
run recently в последнее
время
gradually постепенно in relative в соответствую-
steadily постоянно, неизменно terms щих терминах
firstly во-первых secondly во-вторых UNIT 7
occasionally изредка probably вероятно
historically исторически so far до сих пор
despite of несмотря на for instance например вопреки thoroughly основательно,
тщательно
UNIT 8
in various ways различными путями whenever когда бы ни
on the national на национальном on a worldwide на миро-
level уровне level вом уровне
in response to в ответ
UNIT 9
in addition кроме того in general вообще
creatively творчески to some до некоторой
in fact фактически extent степени
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