Учебное пособие Рекомендовано методическим советом в качестве учебного пособия для курсантов и студентов морских специальностей Владивосток


НазваниеУчебное пособие Рекомендовано методическим советом в качестве учебного пособия для курсантов и студентов морских специальностей Владивосток
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Vladivostok

18th February, 2006

FESCO


15, ul. Aleutskaya, Vladivostok
Dear sirs,

I beg to inform you that among the cargo to be discharged at your port we have on board the ship several cases of machinery consigned to the Vladivostok Ship Repairing Yard, under bills of lading Nos. 1237, 1238 & 1239 and weighing over 4 tons each.

As these weights are beyond the ship’s discharging facilities I would ask you kindly to communicate with the manager of the Yard with regard to arranging the discharging of these cases on the 20th of February at 12.00 by consignee’s means.

Please also advise the manager of the Yard that in accordance with the terms of the bill of lading all expenses due for handling of these extra-weights are to be paid by consignee.

Yours faithfully,

S. Robinson,

master of m/v MAGNOLIA

UNIT 10
Ex I Read the vocabulary, try to remember it
notify – уведомлять, извещать stipulation – обусловливание, ого-

secondhand – подержанный ворка

legal – юридический, узаконенный exception – исключение

inventory – опись surrender – сдавать(ся)

gross – брутто refer – передавать на рассмотрение

say – зд. прописью Chamber – палата

arrange – договариваться, уславли- commerce – торговля

ваться accordance – соответствие

unless – если только не effect – действие

particular – деталь, подробность subject to – при подчинении

contents – содержание provision – положение, условие

value – ценность, стоимость contain – содержать

merchant – грузовладелец certain – определённый

undertake – брать на себя обязатель- relate – относиться

ства applicable – применимый

actually – фактически number – ряд, количество

accept – принимать state – указывать
Ex. II Read and translate the document

BILL OF LADING № OT/OL – 01


Shipper: Consignee:

KAIDO CO., LTD. VAZ CO., LTD.

3-2, HIGASHI 1-CHOME, KITA 30 JYO, RUSSIA

HIGASHI-KU, SAPPORO, JAPAN

Notify address:

SAME AS CONSIGNEE

Shipowner: Flag:

USTKAMCHATRYBA CO., LTD. RUSSIA

Vessel: Port of loading:

PTR-0075 OTARU, JAPAN

Port of discharge: Number of Orig. Bs/L:

OLGA, RUSSIA THREE (3)

Kind of packages and description of goods:

SECONDHAND BOAT WITH EVERYTHING TO HER AND LEGAL INVENTORIES

GROSS TONNAGE: 19

BUILT: 1998 BUILDER: KUSHIRO JUKOGYO
1 VESSEL SAY: ONE (1) VESSEL ONLY
Freight and charges AS ARRANGED____________________________________
The goods taken on board of the vessel in apparent good order and condition, unless noted herein, at the port of loading for carriage to the port of discharge or so near thereto as she may safely get, always afloat. All particulars (weight, measure, marks, numbers, quantity, contents, value, etc.) thereof being as stated by the Merchant but unknown to the Carrier who undertakes to deliver the goods as they were actually loaded.

Neither the weight nor the measure of the goods carried in bulk are checked by the carrier on loading.

Any dispute arising under this Bill of Lading shall be referred to arbitration of the Maritime Arbitration Commission of the Russia Chamber of Commerce and Industry, 6, Kuibyshevskaia Str., Moskow, RUSSIA, in accordance with the rules of procedure of the said Commission.

This Bill of Lading shall have effect subject to the provisions of the Merchant Shipping Code or the Hague Rules contained in the International Convention for the unification of certain rules relating to Bills of Lading dated 25th August 1924, or as the case may be any other international convention applicable at the port of shipment.

In witness whereof number of stated above original Bs/L have been signed; one of which being accomplished, the others to stand void.

Place and date of issue: OTARU, JAPAN, AUG. 29. 2000
Ex. III Translate the verbs and give the three forms of some of them
Ship, notify, describe, state, undertake, deliver, accept, stipulate, except, incorporate, surrender, arise, refer, contain, relate, apply, state, accomplish
Ex. IV Give Russian equivalents to the following
Notify address, secondhand boat, legal inventories, unless noted herein, all particulars, value thereof being as stated, who undertakes to deliver the goods, in accepting this B/L, agrees to all stipulations, otherwise incorporated, must be surrendered duly endorsed, dispute arising under B/L, referred to arbitration, in accordance with the rules of procedures, the said Commission, subject to the provisions, unification of certain rules relating to B/L, applicable at the port of shipment, in witness whereof, number of stated above Bs/L, being accomplished, stand void
Ex. V Word-formation

Give all possible derivatives; translate them
Ship, consign, pack, describe, measure, hand, ton, know, take, act, stipulate, except, other, apply, sign

Ex. VI Finish up the sentences


  1. The shipper according to this bill of lading is …

  2. The consignee is …

  3. Ustkamchatka is …

  4. The particulars of the cargo are …

  5. In accepting this B/L the Merchant accepts and agrees to al l…

  6. Neither the weight nor the measure of goods are checked by …

  7. Any dispute shall be referred to …

  8. This bill of lading shall have effect subject to the provisions of …

  9. One Bill of Lading being accomplished, the others …


Ex. VII Make up several questions about B/L № OT/OL - 01; ask your class

mates to answer them
Ex. VIII Give English equivalents to the following
Описание грузов, требующаяся по закону опись, и надлежащем по виду состоянии и условии, все подробные сведения, как указаны грузоотправителем, берёт на себя обязательства, принимает и соглашается на все оговорки, коносамент должен быть сдан, с надлежащей передаточной надписью, передавать на рассмотрение в арбитраж, в соответствии с процессуальными правилами, при подчинении положениям, относящийся к коносаменту, применяющийся в порту отправки, в удостоверение оного, потерять юридическую силу
Ex. IX Translate into English


  1. Грузы получены в надлежащем по виду состоянии.

  2. Грузы получены для перевозки в порт разгрузки или так близко к оному, как судно может безопасно подойти, оставаясь всегда на плаву,

  3. Принимая этот коносамент, грузовладелец соглашается на все оговорки, включённые в него.

  4. Один коносамент с соответствующей передаточной надписью должен быть сдан в обмен на груз.

  5. Вес груза, перевозимого навалом, не проверяется перевозчиком.

  6. Этот коносамент имеет силу при соблюдении условий Международной Конвенции по унификации некоторых правил, относящихся к коносаментам.

  7. В удостоверение изложенного было подписано вышеуказанное количество коносаментов.

  8. После выдачи груза по одному из коносаментов все другие являются недействительными.



UNIT 11
Ex I Read the vocabulary, try to remember it


definition – определение take a receipt – получить

receiver – приёмщик fulfil(l) – выполнять

charter – зафрахтовать claim – требовать, заявлять права

performance – выполнение set out – излагать

evidence – засвидетельствовать lighterage – лихтеровка

scope – масштаб arrange – договориться, организовать

direct – прямо optional – по выбору

advertise – объявлять poop – ют

customary – обычный forecastle – бак

route – путь, маршрут shelterdeck – шельтердек

via – через spare – запасной, свободный

undergo – подвергаться similar – подобный

adjust – регулировать article – предмет

drydock – становиться в сухой док consolidate – объединять

tow – буксировать provide – предусматривать

affreightment – фрахтование treat – рассматривать
Ex. II Read and translate the document (B/L № OT/OL – 01)
1. Definitions. “Carrier” means the party on whose behalf this Bill of Lading has been signed.

“Merchant” includes the Charterer, the Shipper, the Receivers, the Consignee, the Holder of this Bill of Lading and the owner of the goods.

“Ship” includes any vessel owned, chartered or operated by the carrier used in the performance of the Contract, evidenced by this Bill of Lading.

2. Scope of Voyage. The goods may be carried by any route whatsoever, whether or not the most direct or advertised or customary route, via any ports or places in any order whatsoever and for whatsoever purpose visited, together with other goods of every kind, dangerous or otherwise, whether stowed on or under deck. Vessels may sail with or without pilots, undergo repairs, adjust equipment, drydock and tow vessels in all situations.

3. Sub-contracting. The carrier shall be entitled to sub-contract on any terms the whole or any part of the carriage, transshipment, loading, unloading, storing, warehousing, handling and any and all duties whatsoever undertaken by the Carrier in relation to the goods.

4. Loading, Discharge and Delivery. In regard to loading and discharge this Bill of Lading is subject to the terms, conditions and exceptions of the contract of affreightment according to which it is issued. In the absence of such an agreement the goods are received and delivered under ship’s tackle.

If the Merchant fails to take receipt of the goods as stipulated above the contract of carriage shall be considered as having been fulfilled and the carrier shall be at liberty to put the goods into craft and/or land on the quay and/or storing, etc., as the Carrier may think fit at the expense and risk of the Merchant. In this event the Carrier shall have the right to claim demurrage and/or discharge and store the goods as set out above.

5. Lighterage. The carrier is arranging for lighters or other transportation between ship and shore, does so as the Merchant’s agent and for account and risk of the goods.

6. Optional Stowage and Deck Shipment. The carrier is at liberty to stow the goods in poop, forecastle, shelterdeck, spare bunkers or any covered space commonly used in the trade for the carriage of such goods and when so stowed shall be deemed for all purposes to be stowed under deck. Where the goods are stated herein to be received and/or shipped as deck cargo such goods are carried at Merchant’s risk, in which case the Carrier shall be under no liability for any loss or detention thereof, or damage thereto, arising from any cause whatsoever. The Carrier shall be entitled to carry goods on deck in containers, trailers, transportable tanks or similar articles of transport used to consolidate goods whether they are stowed there by him or Merchants. The Carrier is not required to give notice to the Merchant of any stowage and carriage as provided in this clause. These goods (containers, etc.) carried on deck shall be treated as if they were stowed under deck and the Hague and York-Antwerp Rules as incorporated herein shall be applicable to them.
Ex. III Translate the verbs
Define, mean, sign, include, own, charter, operate, perform, advertise, stow, undergo, adjust, drydock, tow, undertake, issue, stipulate, consider, fulfil, set out, arrange, arise, consolidate, provide, treat, incorporate
Ex. IV Give Russian equivalents to the following
“Carrier” means a party, on whose behalf, vessel owned by the carrier, in performance of the contract, evidenced by this B/L, scope of voyage, any route whatsoever, whether or not the most direct, via any ports, in any order whatsoever, undergo repairs, entitled to sub-contract on any terms, all duties undertaken by the carrier, subject to the terms and exceptions, contract of affreightment, fails to take receipt of the goods, as stipulated above, at the expense and risk of the merchant, to claim demurrage, covered space, commonly used, under no liability, arising from any cause, similar articles, as provided in this clause
Ex. V Find the answers to the following questions in the bill of lading (ex. II)


  1. What does the term “carrier” mean?

  2. What persons does the term “merchant” include?

  3. What route may the carrier use to carry the goods to destination?

  4. What actions may the ship take during the voyage?

  5. What can the carrier do if the merchant fails to take receipt of the goods?

  6. At whose risk are the goods unloaded in that case?

  7. Where can the carrier stow the goods on a ship?

  8. What articles of transport are used to consolidate the goods?

  9. What rules are applied to deck cargo?



Ex. IX Translate into English


  1. Перевозчик обозначает сторону контракта, от имени которой был подписан этот коносамент.

  2. Судно обозначает любое судно, используемое в выполнении этого контракта, что засвидетельствовано в данном коносаменте.

  3. Грузы могут перевозиться любым путём, в любом порядке, через любые порты какие бы то ни было.

  4. Судно может плавать без лоцмана, подвергаться ремонту и буксировать суда во всех ситуациях.

  5. В отношении погрузки и выгрузки этот коносамент подчиняется правилам контракта перевозки, согласно которым он выдан.

  6. Если получатель не может принять груз, то этот контракт считается выполненным, а груз может быть выгружен на причал на риск и расходы отправителя.

  7. В этом случае перевозчик имеет право потребовать объявить судно под простоем.

  8. Перевозчик имеет право укладывать грузы в помещения бака, юта, запасные танки и любое другое закрытое пространство судна.

  9. Перевозчик имеет право перевозить грузы на палубе в контейнерах, трейлерах, цистернах и пр., где они укладываются им самим или отправителями.



UNIT 12
Ex I Read the vocabulary, try to remember it
hindrance – препятствие, помеха relieve – освобождать(ся)

affect – влиять, воздействовать neglect – недосмотр, невнимание

quarantine – карантин default – невыполнение обязательств

labour – рабочая сила mariner – моряк

trouble – неприятность, затруднение wrongful – неправильный

strike – забастовка lack – отсутствие, недостаток

lockout – локаут inadequacy – несоответствие

congestion – перегруженность affix – прикреплять; поставить (под-

extent – мера, степень пись)

event – случай, событие avoid – избегать

due to – из-за consequence – последствие

negligence – небрежность, халат- exercise – зд. использовать, приме-

ность нять

servant – служащий reasonable – разумный

though – хотя diligence – старание, усердие

custody – попечение, хранение contribute – способствовать

commence – начинаться burden – бремя

rail – поручень, леер rest upon – ложиться на

cease – прекращаться
Ex. II Read and translate the document (B/L № OT/OL – 01)
7. Hindrances etc., Affecting Performance. If in the event of restraint of authorities, epidemic, quarantine, ice, labour troubles, strikes, lockouts, congestion and any other causes beyond Carrier’s control the goods cannot be discharged at the port of destination without risk to ship and cargo, the Carrier is entitled to land the goods at one of the nearest port of call where possible at Merchant’s risk and expense and to inform the Merchant whereof, if possible.

8. Extent of responsibility.

1) In no event shall the Carrier be liable for damage to and/or loss of goods prior to loading or after discharge, not even if such damage or loss is due to the negligence of his servants and even though the goods are in the custody of the Carrier, his agents or servants as warehousemen or howsoever. In no event shall the Carrier’s liability commence before the goods have been loaded over the ship’s rail and shall cease at the latest when goods have passed ship’s rail upon discharge. The Merchant shall be required to prove that the goods were damaged within this period of responsibility.

2) The Carrier shall however be relieved of liability for any loss or damage if such loss or damage arise or resulted from:

    1. act, neglect of default of the master, mariner, pilot, or the servants of the Carrier in the navigation or in the management of the ship;

    2. the wrongful act or neglect of the Merchant;

    3. compliance with the instructions of any person entitled to give them;

    4. the lack of, or defective condition of packing in the case of the goods which, by their nature, are liable to wastage or to be damaged when not packed or when not properly packed, unless the packing had been carried out by Carrier;

    5. handling, loading, stowage or unloading of the goods by the Merchant or any person acting on behalf of the Merchant;

    6. inherent vice of goods;

    7. insufficiency or inadequacy of marks or numbers on the goods, covering, or unit loads, except where they are required to be affixed by the Carrier;

    8. strikes or lockouts or stoppage or restraint of labour from whatsoever cause whether partial or general;

    9. any other cause or event which the Carrier could not avoid and the consequences whereof he could not prevent by the reasonable diligence.

3) Where under sub-clause 2 the Carrier is not under any liability in respect of some of the factors causing the loss or damage, he shall only be liable to the extent that those factors for which he is liable under this clause have contributed to the loss or damage.

4) The burden of proving that the loss or damage was due to one or more of the causes, or events, specified in a, b, c and i of sub-clause 2 shall rest upon the Carrier.

Ex. III Translate the verbs and give the three forms of some of them
Affect, perform, congest, land, commence, cease, pass, require, prove, relieve, arise, result from, neglect, act, comply, entitle, affix, cause, avoid, prevent, contribute, specify, rest
Ex. IV Give Russian equivalents to the following
In the event of restraint of authorities, causes beyond carrier’s control, is entitled to land the goods, to inform the merchant whereof, extent of responsibility, in no event, due to the negligence, in the custody of the carrier, over the ship’s rail, at the latest, be relieved of liability, wrongful act, liable to wastage, on behalf of, inherent vice, inadequacy of marks, are required to be affixed, whether partial or general, prevent by reasonable diligence, in respect of the factors, contributed to the loss, the burden of proving, rest upon
Ex. V Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms
Absence, arise, begin, cease, commence, degree, employee, exercise, extent, free,
lack, mariner, neglect, negligence, relieve, result, seaman, servant, stop, use
Ex. VI Arrange the following in pairs of antonyms
Assistance, cease, commence, diligence, hindrance, lack, negligence, presence, right, wrongful
Ex. VII Find the answers to the following questions in the bill of lading (ex. II)


  1. What hindrances may affect performance?

  2. What is the carrier entitled to do in case of hindrances?

  3. Is the carrier liable for damage to goods prior to loading?

  4. When does carrier’s liability commence?

  5. In what cases is the carrier relieved from liability for loss of goods?

  6. Who must prove that the loss or damage was due to the causes specified in §2?


Ex. VIII Insert the proper words


  1. Due to the … of authorities the goods cannot be discharged at the port of destination.

  2. The carrier is … to land the goods at the nearest port.

  3. In no … shall the carrier be liable for damage to the goods.

  4. In no event shall the carrier’s … commence before the goods have passed the ship’s rail.

  5. The merchants shall be required to … that the goods were damaged.

  6. The carrier shall be … of liability for any loss.

  7. It is the event which the carrier could not … and the … whereof he could not prevent.

  8. The carrier is not under any liability in respect of some factors … the loss or damage.

  9. The … of proving shall rest upon the carrier.

(avoid, liability, causing, consequences, entitled, relieved, event, burden, prove, restraint)
Ex. IX Give English equivalents to the following
В случае запрета властей, любые другие причины, вне контроля перевозчика, выгрузить груз, сообщить об этом отправителю, размер ответственности, ни в коем случае, из-за небрежности, через леера судна, будет освобождён от ответственности, неправильные действия отправителя, отсутствие упаковки, подвергаются усушке, от имени грузовладельца, свойственный порок грузов, недостаточность или несоответствие маркировки, избежать причины, предотвратить последствия, способствовали повреждению груза, бремя доказательства, лежит на перевозчике

Ex. IX Translate into English


  1. В случае запрета властей перевозчик вправе выгрузить груз в одном из ближайших портов на риск и расходы грузоотправителя.

  2. Перевозчик должен информировать об этом грузоотправителя.

  3. Ни в коем случае перевозчик не несёт ответственности за повреждение или утрату груза до погрузки или после разгрузки.

  4. Ответственность перевозчика начинается после того, как груз погружен перейдя поручни судна.

  5. Ответственность перевозчика прекращается после того, как груз выгружен перейдя поручни судна.

  6. Грузоотправителю придётся доказывать, что груз был повреждён в пределах ответственности перевозчика.

  7. Перевозчик освобождается от ответственности за утрату груза, если она произошла из-за неправильных действий грузоотправителя.

  8. Судно не отвечает за ущерб этому грузу, так как он произошёл из-за недостаточности упаковки, а упаковка производилась отправителем.

  9. Судно не отвечает за утрату этого груза, так как она произошла по причинам, которые перевозчик не мог избежать и последствия которых он не мог предотвратить.

  10. Бремя доказательства, что ущерб грузу произошёл из-за причин, указанных в пункте 2, лежит на перевозчике.


UNIT 13
Ex I Read the vocabulary, try to remember it


currency – валюта recklessly – опрометчиво, беспечно

emunerate – указывать подробно result – последовать, произойти

i.e. = id est – то есть sealed – опечатанный, опломбиро-

contents – содержание, содержимое ванный

particulars – подробности, детали shortage – недостаток

notice – извещение receptacle – ёмкость

consecutive – последовательный, duly – должным образом

подряд occur – происходить

time bar – срок исковой давности fault – промах, ошибка

to bring suite – предъявить иск lien – право задержания имущества

defence – защита contribution – долевой взнос

found – обосновывать general average – общая авария

in fort – в силу необходимости salvage – спасение

omission – упущение whomsoever – кому бы то ни было

contractor – подрядчик, поставщик recovering – получение обратно

cause – вызывать enforce – приводить в исполнение


Ex. II Read and translate the document (B/L № OT/OL – 01)
9. Limitation of Responsibility. In no case shall the Carrier be liable in an amount exceeding Rbls. 250 per package or unit, or the equivalent of that sum in other currency, unless declared with the value on the Bill of Lading. When carrying loaded containers, pallets or other similar unit loads the Carrier is responsible for the number of packages enumerated in the Bill of Lading, i.e. either for the whole container (the pallet) or for its contents according to the number of packages loaded into it if such number is inserted in the Bill of Lading. In the absence of any particulars about the number of packages loaded into such container (or on the pallet) the Carrier’s responsibility is limited only to the number of unit loads on the whole.

10. Notice of loss. Unless notice of loss of or damage to the goods and the general nature of it be given in writing to the Carrier at the place of delivery before or at the time of the removal of the goods into the custody of the person entitled to delivery thereof under this Bill of Lading, or if the loss or damage be not apparent within three consecutive days thereafter, such removal shall be prima facie evidence of the delivery by the Carrier of the goods as described in this Bill of Lading.

11. Time Bar. The Carrier shall be discharged of all liability under the rules of these conditions unless suit is brought within one year after delivery of the goods or in the case of total loss of the goods, the period shall begin with the moment when goods should have been delivered.

12. Defence for Servants, etc. The defence and limits of liability provided for in this B/L shall apply in any action against the Carrier for loss or damage to the goods whether the action be found in contract or in fort, also in any action against a servant, agent or independent contractor, unless it is proved that the loss or damage resulted from an act or omission of the Carrier or of this person done with intent to cause damage or recklessly and with knowledge that damage would probably result.

13. Sealed Goods. The Carrier shall not be responsible for the shortage of or damage to the goods arrived at the destination in good containers or other similar receptacles duly sealed by the Shipper and for goods delivered in other sole and good packages without any signs of opening (unsealing) them during the carriage in case of Merchant’s failure to prove that such shortage of or damage to the goods occurred through the fault of the Carrier.

14. Lien. The Carrier shall have an absolute lien on goods for any amount due under this contract and for contribution in respect of general average and for salvage to whomsoever due, including costs of recovering the same and storage fees, and may enforce such lien in any reasonable manner which he may think fit. If on sale of goods the proceeds fail to cover the amount due and the costs and expenses incurred, the carrier shall be entitled to recover the difference from the Merchant.
Ex. III Translate the verbs and give the three forms of some of them
Limit, exceed, declare, enumerate, insert, remove, entitle, bring, provide, find, cause, result, seal, unseal, fail, occur, recover, enforce, incur
Ex. IV Give Russian equivalents to the following
Limitation of responsibility, per package or unit, in other currency, unless declared on the B/L, number of packages enumerated in the B/L, in the absence of any particulars, three consecutive days, time bar, unless suit is brought within one year, when goods should have been delivered, in contract or in fort, independent contractor, similar receptacles, signs of unsealing, occurred through the fault of the carrier, to have an absolute lien on the goods, costs of recovering and storage fees
Ex. V Word-formation

Give all possible derivatives; translate them
Limit, responsible, absent, part, pack, note, deliver, remove, liable, defend, serve, act, depend, contract, omit, know, short, receive, seal, fail, contribute, reason, cover

Ex. VI Insert the proper words


  1. In no case shall the carrier be liable in an amount … Rbls. 250 per package or unit unless declared with the value on the B/L.

  2. The carrier is responsible for the number of packages … in the Bill of Lading.

  3. Carrier’s … is limited only to the number of unit loads on the whole.

  4. Such removal shall be prima facie … of the delivery by the Carrier of the goods as described in this Bill of Lading.

  5. The Carrier shall be discharged of all liability under the rules of these conditions unless … is brought within one year after delivery of the goods.

  6. The defence and limits of liability … for in this B/L shall apply in any action against the Carrier for loss or damage to the goods.

  7. The Carrier shall not be responsible for the shortage of or damage to the goods arrived at the destination in good containers or other similar … duly … by the Shipper.

  8. Such shortage of or damage to the goods occurred through the … of the Carrier.

  9. The Carrier shall have an absolute … on goods for any amount due under this contract.

  10. The carrier shall be entitled to … the difference from the Merchant.


(receptacles, evidence, recover, exceeding, provided, enumerated, fault, responsibility, lien, suit, sealed)
Ex. VII Find the answers to the following questions in the bill of lading (ex. II)


  1. Up to what amount is the carrier’s responsibility limited?

  2. For what number of packages is the carrier responsible when carrying unit loads?

  3. When must notice of loss or damage be given?

  4. What shall be prima facie evidence of the delivery of goods?

  5. What is the time bar for carrier’s liability under the rules of these conditions?

  6. In what cases are the defence and limits of responsibility not applied against the carrier or his servants or agents?

  7. Is the carrier responsible for shortage of the goods arrived at the destination in containers duly sealed by the shipper?

  8. For what amount shall the carrier have an absolute lien on goods?


Ex. VIII Translate into English


  1. Перевозчик не несёт ответственности за сумму, превышающую 250 рублей, если ценность груза не заявлена в коносаменте.

  2. Если извещение о повреждении груза не подано в письменном виде перевозчику во время снятия груза с судна, то такое снятие считается бесспорным доказательством доставки груза перевозчиком.

  3. Перевозчик освобождается от ответственности, если иск не предъявлен в течение одного года после доставки груза.

  4. В случае полной утраты груза этот период начинается, когда груз должен был быть доставлен.

  5. Доказано, что повреждение груза произошло из-за действия перевозчика, сделанного с намерением вызвать повреждение.

  6. Перевозчик не отвечает за недостачу грузов, прибывших на место назначения в опечатанных контейнерах.

  7. Перевозчик может использовать залоговое право на груз за любую сумму, причитающуюся по этому контракту.


UNIT 14



Ex I Read the vocabulary, try to remember it


deem – считать, полагать reimburse – возмещать

take in charge – взять на ответствен- benefit – выгода, польза

ность privilege – привилегия, льгота

furnish – предоставлять immunity – освобождение (от плате-

indemnity – компенсация, возмеще- жей)

ние contain – содержать

in no way – ни коим образом flat – платформа

earn – зарабатывать contents – содержание, содержимое

receipt – получение unsuitable – непригодный

quote – назначать цену reasonable – разумный, приемлемый

devalue – обесценивать(ся), деваль- inspection – осмотр

вировать prior to – до, прежде

revalue – ревальвировать



Ex. II Read and translate the document (B/L № OT/OL – 01)
15. Description of the goods. The Merchant shall be deemed to have guaranteed to the Carrier the accuracy, at the time the goods were taken in charge by the Carrier, of the description of the goods, marks, numbers, quantity and weight (including gross weight of the container or any other receptacle) and insurance as furnished by him, and the Merchant shall indemnify the Carrier against all loss, damage and expense arising or resulting from inaccuracies in or inadequacy of such particulars. The right of the Carrier to such indemnity shall in no way limit his responsibility and liability under this Bill of Lading to any person other than the Merchant.

16. Freight and Charges:

    1. Freight shall be deemed earned on receipt of the goods by the Carrier and shall be paid in any event, goods lost or not lost according to the terms of the contract of affreightment and not to be returned.

    2. All dues, taxes and charges or other expenses in connection with the goods shall be paid by the Merchant.

    3. If the currency in which freight and charges are quoted devalued/ revalued between the date of the freight agreement and the date when the freight and charges are paid, than all freight and charges shall be automatically and immediately changed in proportion to the extent of the devaluation/revaluation of the said currency.

    4. The Merchant shall reimburse the Carrier in proportion to the amount of freight for any costs for deviation or delay or any other increase of costs of whatever nature caused by war, warlike operations, epidemic, strikes, government directions or force majeure.

17. Stowage in containers by the carrier. The Carrier may stow the goods in containers and has the right without notice to the Merchant to carry them in closed containers. If the goods accepted for Shipment are packed into containers by or on behalf of the Carrier, the Carrier’s responsibility for the goods commences at the moment of his reception of the goods and ceases when the goods are discharged out of the container at the port of destination. The Carrier shall during the whole period from such loading until unloading be entitled to the benefit of all privileges, rights and immunities contained in this Bill of Lading.

18. Merchant-packed Containers. Where any container, transportable tank, flat or pallet and other receptacle accepted for transportation has not been filled, packed or stowed by or on behalf of the Carrier, the Carrier shall not be liable for any loss of or damage to its contents and the Merchant shall cover any loss or expense incurred by the Carrier if such loss, damage or expense has been caused by

    1. negligent filling, packing or stowing of the container or any other receptacle;

    2. the contents being unsuitable for carriage in container or any other receptacle;

    3. the unsuitability or defective condition of the container or any other receptacle unless they have been supplied by the Carrier and the unsuitability or defective condition of the container would not have been apparent upon reasonable inspection at or prior to the time when the container and any other receptacle was filled, packed or stowed.


Ex. III Translate the verbs and give the three forms of some of them
Deem, guarantee, include, furnish, indemnify, arise, earn, pay, lose, quote, devalue, revalue, reimburse, stow, accept, commence, cease, contain, fill, cover, incur, supply
Ex. IV Give Russian equivalents to the following
Shall be deemed to have guaranteed, the goods were taken in charge, gross weight of the container, indemnify against all loss, resulting from inaccuracies, to limit responsibility, on receipt of the goods, goods lost or not lost, all dues shall be paid, the currency in which charges are quoted, changed to the extent of the devaluation, costs of whatsoever nature, on behalf of the carrier, to the benefit of all privileges, merchant-packed containers, negligent filling, unsuitability of the container or other receptacle
Ex. V Word-formation

Give all possible derivatives; translate them
Describe, receive, lose, accurate, adequate, indemnify, responsible, liable, freight, connect, current, value, agree, what, stow, contain, transport, suit, defect, reason

Ex. VI Insert the proper words


  1. The merchant shall be … to have guaranteed the accuracy of the description of the goods.

  2. The goods were taken in … by the carrier.

  3. The merchant shall … the carrier against all loss arising or resulting from … in such particulars.

  4. Freight shall be deemed … on receipt of the goods by the carrier.

  5. All dues, taxes and charges or other … in connection with the goods shall be paid by the carrier.

  6. If the currency in which freight and charges are … devalued, than all freight and charges shall be automatically and immediately … in proportion.

  7. The Merchant shall … the Carrier in proportion to the amount of freight for any costs for deviation or delay or any other increase of costs of … nature caused by war, warlike operations, epidemic, strikes, government directions or force majeure.

  8. The Carrier may stow the goods in containers and has the right without … to the Merchant to carry them in closed containers.

  9. The Carrier’s responsibility for the goods … at the moment of his reception of the goods and ceases when the goods are discharged out of the container at the port of destination.

  10. The Carrier shall during the whole period from such loading until unloading be entitled to the benefit of all …, rights and immunities contained in this Bill of Lading.

11.Where any container, transportable tank, flat or pallet and other … has not been

filled, packed or stowed by the Carrier, the Carrier shall not be liable for any

loss of or damage to its contents.

12.The Merchant shall cover any loss or expense incurred by the Carrier if such

loss, damage or expense has been … by negligent filling, packing or stowing

of the container or any other receptacle.
(commences, expenses, caused, inaccuracies, deemed, notice, charge, changed, receptacle, quoted, privileges, reimburse, earned, indemnify, whatsoever)
Ex. VII Find the answers to the following questions in the bill of lading (ex. II)


  1. What shall the merchant guarantee to the carrier under clause 15?

  2. Who shall indemnify the carrier against all loss, damage and expense arising or resulting from inaccuracies in or inadequacy of the description of goods?

  3. When shall the freight be deemed earned?

  4. Shall the freight be paid if the goods are lost according to the terms of the contract of affreightment?

  5. Who must pay all dues, taxes and charges or other expenses in connection with the goods?

  6. When shall all freight and charges be automatically and immediately changed in proportion?

  7. What shall the merchant reimburse the carrier for?

  8. What may increase of costs be caused by?

  9. When does the carrier’s responsibility for goods packed by the carrier commence?

  10. Is the carrier liable for loss of or damage to the contents of receptacles not filled by the carrier?

  11. What may loss of or damage to the contents of merchant-packed containers be caused by?


Ex. VIII Translate into English


  1. Считается, что отправитель гарантирует перевозчику точность описания грузов.

  2. Эти грузы были взяты перевозчиком на свою ответственность.

  3. Отправитель должен обезопасить перевозчика от всех убытков, возникающих от неправильности сведений о грузе.

  4. Право перевозчика на компенсацию ни коим образом не ограничивает его ответственность по этому коносаменту.

  5. Фрахт считается заработанным по приёмке грузов перевозчиком.

  6. Фрахт должен быть оплачен независимо от того, утрачены грузы или нет.

  7. Все платежи, налоги и другие расходы, связанные с грузами, должны оплачиваться перевозчиком.

  8. Если валюта, в которой оплачивается фрахт, девальвировалась, то фрахт и все платежи должны быть пропорционально изменены.

  9. Перевозчик имеет право укладывать грузы в закрытые контейнеры без уведомления отправителя.

  10. Ответственность перевозчика за такие грузы начинается в момент принятия грузов и оканчивается, когда грузы выгружены из контейнеров в порту назначения.

  11. Где контейнеры, принятые к транспортировке, не заполнялись перевозчиком, он не отвечает за ущерб грузам, вызванный небрежным заполнением или укладкой контейнера.


UNIT 15




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